El ámbito del recurso contencioso tributario de anulación

AuthorJuan Carlos Márquez Cabrera
Pages5-10
Artículos
El ámbito del recurso
contencioso tributario de anulación
Juan Carlos Márquez Cabrera
Profesor de Derecho Administrativo
de la Universidad Central de Venezuela
SUMARIO
I. LA JURISDICCIÓN CONTENCIOSO-TRIBUTARIA
II. EL RECURSO CONTENCIOSO TRIBUTARIO
III. EL ACTO OBJETO DE IMPUGNACIÓN
IV. LA RELACIÓN JURÍDICO-TRIBUTARIA COMO PRESUPUESTO DEL
ACTO IMPUGNADO
I. LA JURISDICCIÓN CONTENCIOSO-TRIBUTARIA
Uno de los factores más importantes a determinar en el estudio de la jurisdicción1, es
su distribución entre los diversos órganos que integran el Poder Judicial y, particularmente,
entre los así llamados órdenes jurisdiccionales.
De manera que la competencia judicial como atributo inherente a todo tribunal de jus-
ticia, es la medida de su jurisdicción y su ámbito de acción frente a las distintas acciones que
ejerzan los justiciables. Cuando nos referimos a la competencia judicial administrativa, tribu-
taria, laboral, civil o comercial, muchas veces incurrimos en la imprecisión terminológica de
referirnos a esos fueros judiciales como jurisdicciones independientes. Así, hablamos la
jurisdicción civil, laboral, mercantil, etc. La jurisdicción es una sola como potestad inherente
al Estado de Derecho; lo que existen son órdenes jurisdiccionales diversos en los cuales se
reparte y distribuye la misma.
El orden jurisdiccional contencioso-tributario no es la excepción de lo que hemos ex-
puesto. Su existencia radica en la necesidad de un conjunto de órganos judiciales especializa-
dos para controlar a la Administración Pública, cuando ésta se relaciona con los administra-
dos como consecuencia de la relación jurídico-tributaria. En tal sentido, el orden jurisdiccio-
nal contencioso-tributario resulta en garantía de los derechos e intereses de los administrados
en su condición de contribuyentes y como sujetos pasibles de un estatuto constitucional y
legal que les protege de las arbitrariedades del Poder Público.
1. En este trabajo entendemos a la jurisdicción, siguiendo al maestro Juan Montero Aroca, como la
potestad dimanante de la soberanía del Estado, ejercida exclusivamente por tribunales independien-
tes y predeterminados por la ley, de realizar el derecho en el caso concreto juzgando de modo irre-
vocable y ejecutando lo juzgado, para satisfacer pretensiones y resistencias (v. Motero Aroca, Juan,
Introducción al Derecho Procesal, 2da Edición, Editorial Tecnos, Madrid, 1979, p. 53.)

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