Bienestar psicológico en estudiantes: Adaptación cultural y revisión del modelo Ryff
| Pages | 879-900 |
| Date | 01 July 2025 |
| Published date | 01 July 2025 |
| Author | Min Xu,Hadijah Binti Jaffri,Xiaohan Yang,Shih Ling Chor,Xin Ma |
Bienestar psicológico en estudiantes: Adaptación
cultural y revisión del modelo Ry
Min Xu1, Hadijah Binti Jari2,Xiaohan Yang3, Shih Ling Chor4, Xin Ma5
1School of Education, University Technology Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.
E-mail: lindsaysnowballs@gmail.com; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4831-5976.
2School of Education, University Technology Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.
E-mail: hadijahjari@utm.my; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8620-6445.
3School of Education, University Technology Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.
E-mail: yangxiaohan1997@gmail.com; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7619-076X,
4School of Education, University Technology Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.
E-mail: shihling.sunshine@gmail.com; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4295-4633
5Faculty of Management, University Technology Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.
E-mail: Chrisma0912@gmail.com; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7371-6447.
Resumen. Este estudio presenta una evaluación psicométrica de la escala de Bien-
estar Psicológico (PWB) de Ry para estudiantes internacionales chinos en Malasia.
Con una muestra de 335 participantes, implementamos un enfoque analítico integral
que incorpora análisis de Rasch, análisis factorial conrmatorio (AFC) y análisis fac-
torial exploratorio (AFE) para evaluar y renar la estructura de la escala. El modelado
inicial de Rasch en una muestra piloto (N = 110) identicó ítems problemáticos que
exhibieron desajuste de medición. Al aplicar el AFC para probar el modelo original
de seis factores en el estudio principal, descubrimos altas correlaciones interfactoriales
y una validez discriminante inadecuada, particularmente entre cuatro dimensiones. A
través de la reespecicación y validación del modelo, desarrollamos una solución de
tres factores más parsimoniosa que consolidó el Dominio Ambiental, el Crecimiento
Personal, el Propósito en la Vida y la Autoaceptación en un constructo unicado,
manteniendo la Autonomía y las Relaciones Positivas como factores distintos. El mo-
delo optimizado de 15 ítems y tres factores demostró excelentes propiedades psicomé-
tricas (χ²/gl = 1,305, CFI = 0,995, TLI = 0,994, SRMR = 0,022, RMSEA = 0,030).
Estos hallazgos sugieren que el bienestar psicológico podría manifestarse de forma más
integrada entre los estudiantes internacionales chinos que se adaptan a entornos inter-
culturales de lo que se teorizó originalmente. Este modelo perfeccionado ofrece a in-
vestigadores y profesionales un instrumento más adecuado desde el punto de vista cul-
Recibido: 11/03/2025 ~ Aceptado: 12/05/2025
INTERACCIÓN Y PERSPECTIVA
Revista de Trabajo Social
ISSN 2244-808X ~ Dep. Legal pp 201002Z43506
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16915750
Vol. 15 (3): 879 - 900 pp, 2025
880Xu, Binti Jari, Yang, Ling Chor, Ma
Interacción y Perspectiva. Revista de Trabajo Social Vol. 15(3): 2025
Psychological well-being in students: Cultural adaptation
and revision of the Ry model
Abstract. is study presents a psychometric evaluation of Ry’s Psychologi-
cal Well-Being (PWB) scale for Chinese international students from mainland China
studying in Malaysia. With a sample of 335 participants, we implemented a compre-
hensive analytical approach incorporating Rasch analysis, conrmatory factor analysis
(CFA), and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to assess and rene the scale’s struc-
ture. Initial Rasch modeling in a pilot sample (N = 110) identied problematic items
that exhibited measurement mist. When applying CFA to test the original six-factor
model in the main study, we discovered high inter-factor correlations and inadequate
discriminant validity, particularly among four dimensions. rough model respeci-
cation and validation, we developed a more parsimonious three-factor solution that
consolidated Environmental Mastery, Personal Growth, Purpose in Life, and Self-Ac-
ceptance into a unied construct while retaining Autonomy and Positive Relations as
distinct factors. e optimized 15-item, three-factor model demonstrated excellent
psychometric properties (χ²/df = 1.305, CFI = 0.995, TLI = 0.994, SRMR = 0.022,
RMSEA = 0.030). ese ndings suggest that psychological well-being may manifest
in a more integrated manner among Chinese international students from mainland
China adapting to cross-cultural environments than originally theorized. is rened
model oers researchers and practitioners a more culturally appropriate and psycho-
metrically sound instrument for assessing psychological well-being in international
student populations, while contributing to our understanding of how cultural context
may inuence the structural manifestation of psychological constructs.
Key words: Ry Well-being model, Chinese International Students, psychometric property,
psychological well-being, Self-acceptance.
INTRODUCTION
e concept of happiness has deep philosophical origins, dating back to ancient Greek think-
ers (Bremner, 2011). Two major philosophical traditions—hedonism and eudaimonia—have sig-
nicantly inuenced current views on well-being (Deci& Ryan, 2008). Hedonism, associated with
Epicurus, centers on maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain, whereas Aristotle’s notion of eudai-
monia highlights the importance of living a virtuous life lled with purpose and meaning (Ryan&
Deci, 2001; Waterman, 2008). ese foundational ideas continue to shape modern psychological
perspectives on well-being and life satisfaction. However, the models that try to explain individual
well-being are often overloaded with components and don’t always have a clear mechanism for the
formation of a person’s subjective well-being (Voitenko, 2022).
tural y psicométrico para evaluar el bienestar psicológico en poblaciones de estudiantes
internacionales, a la vez que contribuye a nuestra comprensión de cómo el contexto
cultural puede inuir en la manifestación estructural de los constructos psicológicos.
Palabras clave: modelo de bienestar de Ry, estudiantes internacionales chinos, psicometría,
bienestar psicológico, autoaceptación.
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