Capítulo 23. Capacidades dinámicas e innovación
| Pages | 313-317 |
| Author | José María Mendoza Guerra |
313
Capítulo 23
capacidades dinÁmicas
e innovaciÓn
El concepto “capacidades dinámicas” hunde sus raíces en la teoría de
recursos y capacidades (Penrose, 1959; Barney, 1991; Wernefelt, 1984;
Hamel y Prahalad, 1990, 1994). Inicialmente, Penrose considera a la
empresa conformada por recursos, tangibles e intangibles, y posterior-
mente se introdujo el tema de las capacidades, las cuales se miraron
como formas de combinar y recon! gurar dichos recursos. En este pun-
to se utilizó una concepción cerrada de la empresa; por ello se requería
hacer un giro para incluir el aspecto del entorno, el cual se estaba consi-
derando como clave para la hipercompetitividad (D’Aveni, 1994).
Efectivamente, cuando la empresa se las tiene que ver con un medio en
condiciones de turbulencia, requiere capacidades especiales para poder
enfrentar el cambio externo. Y es aquí donde las capacidades dinámicas
entran en juego (Teece, Pisano & Shuen, 1997). Una capacidad diná-
mica es “La habilidad de la ! rma para integrar, construir y recon! gurar
competencias internas y externas para afrontar entornos rápidamente
cambiantes” (Teece, Pisano & Shuen, 1997, p.516). Así mismo, para
Eisenhardt y Martin (2000) “Son las rutinas estratégicas y organiza-
cionales por medio de las cuales la ! rma realiza nuevas con! guracio-
nes cuando los mercados emergen, evolucionan y mueren” (p.1107).
Finalmente, Teece (2009) las considera como “La particular (inimita-
ble) capacidad que poseen las empresas de negocio para conformar,
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