55% cayeron exportaciones no petroleras en 7 años
Con el ingreso al Mercosur, el Gobierno propone convertir a Venezuela en una potencia exportadora. Empresarios, especialistas en comercio exterior y ex embajadores se preguntan cómo se podrá lograr esa meta con un aparato productivo destruido, una sobrevaluación de la moneda que incentiva las importaciones y con puertos y aduanas con fallas permanentes y con deficiente infraestructura que retarda y encarece el proceso de colocación de los productos en el mercado internacional. Las exportaciones no pe troleras de los últimos 7 años cayeron 55,5% al pasar de 7,2 millardos de dólares en 2005 a 3,2 millardos de dólares al cierre de 2011, según el Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Las ventas externas de bienes terminados, materia prima y productos manufacturados en el país han perdido mercado gradualmente. Justo en 2006 cuando comienza el declive de las exportaciones, se acentúan las medidas contra el aparato productivo como parte del proyecto socialista del Gobierno. Si hubiese en Venezuela una situación de libre comercio, el exportador podría buscar mercados internacionales. Pero cuando se tiene un Gobierno que coloca tantas trabas como el bolívar sobrevaluado, controles de cambio y de precios, legislaciones laborales que obstaculizan a las empresas y otros factores, es difícil ser competitivo, señala el ex embajador Fernando Gerbasi. Las empresas venezolanas llegaron a ser una referencia con la exportación de autopartes, vehículos ensamblados en el país, alimentos procesados como harina precocida, cacao, bebidas, e incluso café, que ahora se está importando para cubrir más de 50% del consumo interno, al igual que el arroz que llegó a ser un rubro bandera con producción en exceso para vender a Colombia. Gerbasi recuerda que cuan do Venezuela ingresó al Pacto Andino había un fondo de promoción de exportaciones y una taquilla única para agilizar los trámites. Agrega que estos mecanismos deben rescatarse y aplicarse si se quiere recuperar la competitividad de las empresas frente al Mercosur. El país que fue. En 1994 Vene zuela lideraba las exportaciones del área andina. Un año después, el sector químico...
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