Circunstancias Eximentes y Atenuantes de la Responsabilidad Civil

AuthorMaría Candelaria Domínguez Guillén
Pages270-274
270
TEMA 11
Circunstancias Eximentes y Atenuantes
de la Responsabilidad Civil1
SUMARIO: 1. Generalidades 2. Circunstancias eximentes 3. Circunstancias atenuantes
(se queda sujeto a reparar parte del daño)
1. Generalidades
El incumplimiento no imputable al deudor es aquel que tiene lugar por
causas ajenas a su voluntad y por tal, lo exonera de responsabilidad2. La res-
ponsabilidad del deudor frente al acreedor supone que el incumplimiento o
el cumplimiento defectuoso le resultan imputables. No es posible condenar
al deudor a indemnizar si su conducta no es el origen del incumplimiento3.
Existen circunstancias que lo liberan de la responsabilidad frente al acree-
dor; en tanto que existen otras que si bien no producen una liberación o
exoneración total, pueden mitigar su responsabilidad frente al acreedor, a
saber, atenúan su responsabilidad porque simplemente han contribuido
al daño aunque no sean su única causa.
El tema según el caso aplica según las respectivas diferencias tanto a la
responsabilidad contractual como a la responsabilidad extracontractual,
según se deriva de las normas que refiere la doctrina.
2. Circunstancias eximentes4
2.1. Causas que eliminan la culpa5:ausencia de culpa, conducta objetiva
lícita, legítima defensa6. Algunos añaden el estado de necesidad7.
2.1.1. La ausencia de culpa a tenor de lo que se desprende del artículo
1.185 CC el demandado puede probar que no incurrió en culpa, que colocó
1Véase: MADURO LUYANDO, ob. cit., pp. 188-198; RODRÍGUEZ FERRARA,ob. cit., pp. 125-133; OCHOA GÓMEZ,
ob. cit., pp. 195 y ss.
2LETEDEL RÍO, ob. cit., p. 129.
3Véase: OCHOA GÓMEZ, ob. cit., p. 195.
4Véase: Juzgado Undécimo de Instancia en lo Civil, Mercantil y del Tránsito de la Circunscripción
Judicial del Área Metropolitana de Caracas, Sent. 9-8-10, Exp. AH1B-M-2004-000039, http://caracas.
tsj.gov.ve/decisiones/2010/agosto/2126-9-AH1B-M-2004-000039-.html “Será eximente de su respon-
sabilidad que el hecho dañoso devenga de una causa no imputable a él”.
5Véase: MADURO LUYANDO,ob. cit., pp. 177 y ss.
6Véase: Juzgado Superior Accidental en lo Civil, Mercantil, Tránsito, Protección del Niño, Niña y
del Adolescente y Bancario del Primer Circuito Judicial del Estado Sucre, Sent. 8-6-10, Exp. 08-
4631,http://sucre.tsj.gob.ve/decisiones/2010/junio/1191-8-08-4631-477.html “...siendo causa eximente
de responsabilidad civil la ausencia de culpa por parte del presunto agente, la conducta objetiva
lícita que son aquellas situaciones en que un daño es causado por una conducta del agente que está
autorizado o permitida por el ordenamiento jurídico positivo y la legítima defensa puesto que según
7Véase: OCHOA GÓMEZ, ob. cit., pp. 195-202.

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