Crisis y transformación: análisis del colapso del sistema político y del movimiento sindical venezolano (1989-1993)
| Pages | 70-82 |
| Date | 01 August 2026 |
| Published date | 01 August 2026 |
| Author | Ruth Cristina Guerrero Prieto |
| Subject Matter | Employment and Social Security Law |
Crisis y transformación: análisis del…/ Ruth Cristina Guerrero Prieto _______
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Crisis y transformación: análisis del colapso del
sistema político y del movimiento sindical
venezolano (1989-1993)
Ruth Cristina Guerrero Prieto
Especialista en derecho laboral; ruthcristinaguerrero@gmail.co;m; profesora de la
Universidad del Zulia y Universidad Rafael Urdaneta; ORCID 0009-0000-6965-3913.
Resumen
El presente estudio, de naturaleza documental y descriptiva, examina de manera
exhaustiva y profunda los principales hechos coyunturales y estructurales que
impactaron el sistema político venezolano entre 1989 y 1993. Este período histórico
estuvo signado por la implementación abrupta de un programa de ajuste económico de
corte neoliberal ("El Gran Viraje"), el masivo estallido social de febrero de 19 89 (el
Caracazo), las acometidas insurreccionales militares de 1992 y el enjuiciamiento y
destitución presidencial de 1993. Esto s acontecimientos evidenciaron el agotamiento
definitivo del modelo político y socioeconómico erigido a partir del Pacto de Punto Fijo
y la democracia representativa partidocrática. En este marco, la investigación analiza en
detalle la crisis del sindicalismo venezolano —encabezado de forma corporativa e
histórica por la Confederación de Trabajadores de Venezuela (CTV)— como una
manifestación medular del colapso de los canales de intermediación y representación
social. La pérdida de densidad institucional del movimiento obrero, sumada al auge del
sindicalismo de base alternativo y radical (el Nuevo Sindicalismo), aceleró el
vaciamiento de legitimidad del régimen. La investigación concluye que la coyuntura
1989-1993 no constituyó una simple perturbación pasajera, sino un quiebre estructural
e irreversible caracterizado por la incapacidad orgánica de las élites políticas y sindicales
tradicionales para encauzar el conflicto social y garantizar la gobernabilidad
democrática.
Palabras clave: sistema político venezolano; sindicalismo; Pacto de Punto Fijo;
flexibilización laboral; gobernabilidad.
Crisis and Transformation: An Analysis of the
Collapse of the Venezuelan Political System and
Trade Union Movement (1989–1993)
Abstract
This comprehensive documentary and descriptive study examines the critical events
and structural factors that led to the collapse of the Venezuelan political system between
1989 and 1993. This historical period was defined by the sudden implementation of a
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