La desigualdad y el desempleo amenazan la economía mundial
La disparidad de ingresos, tanto entre los diferentes países como entre los habitantes de cada nación, es el principal peligro que enfrenta el planeta, según el informe Riesgos Globales 2014 del Foro Económico Mundial de Davos.Las crecientes diferencias entre los más ricos y los más pobres amenazan la estabilidad política y social, así como el desarrollo económico, advierte el documento, divulgado ayer.Precisa que la recesión ha tenido un efecto muy negativo en las clases medias de los países industrializados, mientras que la globalización ha dado lugar a una polarización de los ingresos en las economías emergentes y en desarrollo.El informe está basado en la encuesta de percepción de riesgos globales, que se realizó a finales de 2013 y consultó la opinión de líderes de empresas, gobiernos, academias, organizaciones no gubernamentales y organismos internacionales.Otros de los principales ries gos -en términos de probabilidadson los fenómenos meteorológicos extremos, el desempleo y el subempleo, el cambio climático y los ataques cibernéticos.La lista cambia cuando se pregunta por los riesgos que pueden tener más impacto. En este caso aparecen los problemas fiscales, el cambio climático, la crisis del agua, el desempleo y el subempleo, y el colapso de la infraestructura informática.Preocupa más. En cuánto a los riesgos globales que generarán más preocupación en 2014, los problemas fiscales están en el tope de la lista, a pesar de los esfuerzos de muchos países -sobre todo en Europapor controlar el déficit y el endeudamiento.El problema es que mu chos gobiernos siguen gastando más de lo que reciben y cubriendo el déficit con la venta de bonos, es decir, pidiendo prestado a los inversionistas privados con la promesa de pagarlo en el futuro con intereses.En algún momento los inver sionistas comienzan a dudar de la capacidad del gobierno para pagar la deuda, entonces éste ofrece mayores intereses para compensar el aumento del riesgo y...
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