Economía y desarrollo: una revisión teórica e histórica
| Pages | 346-355 |
| Date | 01 May 2026 |
| Published date | 01 May 2026 |
| Author | Rosa Azalea Canales García,Oscar Javier Montiel Méndez,Araceli Alvarado Carrillo |
| Subject Matter | Social Sciences |
TELOS: Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales
ISSN 1317-0570 / ISSN (e) 2343-5763
Vol.
28
(2)
. Mayo-Agosto
2026
346
Universidad Privada Dr. Rafael Belloso Chacín, Venezuela
ECONOMICS AND DEVELOPMENT: A THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL REVIEW
Rosa Azalea Canales García
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5206-3503
Oscar Javier Montiel Méndez
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0434-1649
Araceli Alvarado Carrillo
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9442-1468
RECIBIDO: 28/11/2025 / ACEPTADO: 12/04/2026 / PUBLICADO: 18/05/2026
ABSTRACT
This study focuses on the comparative trajectories in economics and development of the United States and Latin America. Using a
systematic literature review guided by the PRISMA framework, w hich is a method that seeks to provide a systematic and structured
synthesis of the existing literature on the phenomenon, the research analyzes key contributions in classical and contemporary
development economics. This study integrates historical evidence from the 19th, 20th, and early 21st centuries, identifying critical turning
points in the region’s economic evolution. It also discusses the transition from import substitution industrialization to more open economic
models, as well as the persistent challenges of achieving inclusive and sustainable growth. Since there is a difference between the
United States and Latin America, the United States established an institutional system that fostered capital accumulation, technological
innovation, and market growth, while Latin America has followed paths characterized by dependence on external factors, a diverse
range of production, and recurring structural imbalances. The study contributes to the literature by synthesizing theoretical perspectives
and empirical findings, offering a comprehensive understanding of development dynamics in the Americas. It underscores the
importance of context-specific st rategies and institutional capacity in fostering long -term economic development, which helps us
understand the past, but also guides the development of future models of developme nt that are more equitable, resilient, and context-
specific.
Keywords: Economic development, Latin America, United States, Economic growth, Structural chan ge
Economía y desarrollo: una revisión teórica e histórica
RESUMEN
Este estudio se centra en las trayectorias comparativas de la economía y el desarrollo de Estados Unidos y América Latina. Me diante
una revisión bibliográfica sistemática basada en el marco PRISMA un método que busca ofrecer una síntesis sistemática y estructurada
de la bibliografía existente sobre el fenómeno, la investigación analiza las contribuciones clave de la econo mía del desarrollo clásica y
contemporánea. Este estudio integra evidencia histórica de los siglos XIX, XX y principios del XXI, identificando puntos de inflexión
críticos en la evolución económica de la región. También aborda la transición de la industrialización por sustitución de impo rtaciones a
modelos económicos más abiertos, así como los retos persistentes para lograr un crecimiento inclusivo y sostenible. Dada la diferencia
entre Estados Unidos y América Latina. Estados Unidos estableció un sistema institucional que fomentó la acumulación de capi tal, la
innovación tecnológica y el crecimiento del mercado, mientras que América Latina ha seguido caminos caracterizados por la
dependencia de factores externos, una gama diversa de producción y desequilibrios estructurales recurrentes, El estudio contribuye a
la literatura especializada al sintetizar perspectivas teóricas y hallazgos empíricos, ofreciendo una visión global de las dinámicas de
desarrollo en las Américas. Subraya la importancia de las estrategias adaptadas al contexto y de la capacidad institucional para
fomentar el desarrollo económico a largo plazo, lo que nos ayuda a comprender el pasado, pero también sirve de guía para el diseño
de futuros modelos de desarrollo más equitativos, resilientes y adaptados al contexto.
Palabras Clave: Desarrollo económico, América Latina, Estados Unidos, Crecimiento económico, Cambio estructural
Introduction
The economic growth of Latin America compared to that of the United States is one of the most frequent themes in the history
of the global economy. Significa nt differences in income and productivity exist despite both regions experiencing similar forms of
European colonization. Between 2014 and 2023 , the Latin American and Caribbean economy, according to ECLAC (2024), registered
an average gr owth of only 0.8% annually, le ss than half of what was observed in the 1980s. Furthermore, despite decades of
expectations regarding regional integration and the continued emphasis on its importance, real progress has been rather limited. Trade
among nations in the region has remained at around 15% of the total, being more intense in Central America and with Mexico than in
South America (Salazar-Xirinachs, 2024).
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México. racanalesg@uaemex.mx
Correspondence author. Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, México. oscar.montiel@uacj.mx
Universidad Politécnica de Aguascalientes, México. araceli.alvarado@upa.edu.mx
Cómo citar: Canales García, R., Montiel Méndez, O., Alvarado Carrillo, A. (2026). Economics and development: a theore tical and historical review.
Telos: Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales, 2 8(2), 346-355. www.doi.org/10.36390/telos282.13
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