Los efectos del nearshoring y la inversión extranjera directa estadounidense en la pobreza multidimensional en México
| Pages | 356-366 |
| Date | 01 May 2026 |
| Published date | 01 May 2026 |
| Author | Moises Librado-Gonzalez,Natanael Ramirez-Angulo,German Osorio-Novela |
| Subject Matter | Social Sciences |
TELOS: Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales
ISSN 1317-0570 / ISSN (e) 2343-5763
Vol.
28
(2)
. Mayo-Agosto
2026
356
Universidad Privada Dr. Rafael Belloso Chacín, Venezuela
THE EFFECTS OF NEARSHORING AND U.S. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON
MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN MEXICO
Moises Librado-Gonzalez
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1183-6087
Natanael Ramirez-Angulo
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4910-7648
German Osorio-Novela
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0157-6979
RECIBIDO: 08/03/2026 / ACEPTADO: 25/04/2026 / PUBLICADO: 18/05/2026
ABSTRACT
This study analyzes the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (F DI) associated with nearshoring and inflows from the United States on
multidimensional poverty in Mexico during the period 2010-2024. The quantitative econometric approach is based on a state-level micro-
panel dataset, allowing for the exploitation of both cross-sectional and temporal variation. A pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) model
with fixed effects is estimated to control for unobservable regional heterogeneity and time-specific shocks that may bias the results. The
findings indicate that labor income and state-level GDP gr owth are the most robust and consistent determinants of poverty red uction,
highlighting the central role of domestic economic dynamics and structural conditions. However, there is no robust empirical evidence
that FDI linked to ne arshoring directly reduces poverty in the short term. On the contrar y, U.S. FDI inflows may be associated with
increases in poverty levels in c ertain regions, suggesting heterogeneous and potentially adverse distributional eff ects. The study
concludes that the benefits of production relocation are not automatic and depend critically on regional capacity to absorb and integrate
capital inflows into the local economic structure, as well as on the ability to strengthen labor markets through the creation of formal, well-
paying jobs.
Keywords: Nearshoring, U.S. Foreign Direct Investment, Multidimensional Poverty
Los efectos del nearshoring y la inversión extranjera directa estadounidense en la pobreza multidimensional en México
RESUMEN
El objetivo central de este artículo es analizar el efecto de la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) asociada al nearshoring y los flujos
procedentes de Estados Unidos sobre la pobreza multidimensional en México durante el periodo 2010 -2024. El enfoque metodológico
del análisis es cuantita tivo-econométrico, se basa en un micro-panel de datos a nivel Estatal y se est ima un modelo de mínimos
cuadrados ordinarios agrupados con efectos fijos, para controlar la heterogeneidad regional no observable y los cambios en el tiempo.
Los resultados indican que los determinantes más robustos de la pobreza son los ingresos laborales y el crecimiento del PIB a nivel
estatal, lo que resalta la importancia del dinamismo económico interno. Por el contrario, no se encuentra evid encia robusta de que la
IED vinculada al nearshoring reduzca directa mente la pobreza en el corto plazo; de hecho, las ent radas de IED de Estados Unidos
podrían incluso asociarse con incrementos en los niveles de pobreza en algunas regiones. El estudio concluye que los beneficios de la
relocalización de la producción dependen de la capacidad regional para integrar estas entradas de capital en la estructura económica
local y para fortalecer el mercado laboral mediante la creación de empleos formales y mejor r emunerados.
Palabras clave: nearshoring, Inversión Extranjera Directa de Estados Unidos, pobreza multidimens ional.
Introduction
The reconfiguration of global value chains, accelerated by geopolitical tensions between the United States and China and the
COVID-19 pandemic, has redefined patterns of international trade and investment. In this con text, Mexico has emerged as a strategic
actor within the U.S. market (Baldwin and Freeman, 2022; Stringer and Ramírez-Melgarejo, 2023; Gereffi, 2020). Its geographic
proximity, the integration derived from the United States-Mexico-C anada Agreement (USMCA), and its export -oriented manufacturing
trajectory have strengthened its regional insertion, promoting nearshoring and friend-shoring strategies aimed at reducing logistical,
regulatory, and political risks (Dussel, 2025; Javorcik et al., 2024).
Within this context, this paper investigates the effect of nearshoring on multidimensional poverty in Mexico during the period
2010-2024. To this end, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is analyzed by differentiating inflows originating from the United States, as well
as state-level GD P and wage income across federal entities. The central hypothesis proposes that an increase in FDI may generate
economic growth and productive dynamism, while simultaneously coexisting with high levels of inequality and poverty. Accordingly, this
study evaluates whether the current wave of nearshoring, measured through inflows of new capital and the reinvestm ent of prof its,
Correspondence author. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, México. moises.libra do@uabc.edu.mx
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, México. natanael@uabc.edu.mx
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, México.. gosorio@uabc.edu.mx
Cómo citar: Librado-González, M., Ramírez-Angulo, N., Osorio-Novela, G. ( 2026). The Effects of Nearshoring and U.S. Foreign Direct Investment on
Multidimensional Poverty in Mexico. Telos: Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales, 28(2), 356-366.
www.doi.org/10.36390/telos282.14
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