El emprendimiento social en el turismo comunitario de la provincia de Manabí, Ecuador
| Date | 01 September 2019 |
| Author |
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199702ZU31
ISSN (e) 2343-5763
~Vol.
21
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661-680.
2019
661
EL EMPRENDIMIENTO SOCIAL EN EL
TURISMO COMUNITARIO DE LA PROVINCIA
DE MANABÍ, ECUADOR
Social entrepreneurship in community tourism in the Province of
Manabí, Ecuador
Carmen Auxiliadora Lucas Mantuano, Gladys Salazar Olives y
Claudia Katiuska Loor Caicedo
RESUMEN
El sector turismo es considerado en Ecuador como una actividad económica y social,
generadora de oportunidades de emprendimiento que impulsan el desarrollo integral e
inclusivo y mejoran la calidad de vida de la población. Esta investigación tiene como
objetivo analizar el aporte de las Teorías de los Recursos y Capacidades (Grant, 1991;
Barney, 1991; Stam, 2009), la del emprendimiento social (Dees, 1998; Pollock, 2015;
Buzinde et al., 2017) y la del turismo comunitario (Murphy, 1985; Manyara y Jones,
2007, Kokkranikal y Morrison, 2011) para la creación de empresas turísticas
comunitarias en la Provincia de Manabí de Ecuador. La metodología utilizada es de tipo
documental y descriptiva. El turismo comunitario en Ecuador, forma parte de una
estrategia de desarrollo local, propiciada por el Estado para la reivindicación y
autogestión sobre sus territorios y recursos naturales. La Teoría de Recursos y
Capacidades proporciona herramientas cognoscitivas a los emprendimientos sociales, a
partir de unas relaciones claves entre recursos, capacidades y ventajas competitivas,
ésta no se limita sólo al ámbito empresarial sino que por el contrario se pueden
extrapolar a diferentes tipos de organizaciones con el fin de mejorar la planeación,
control, optimización de sus procesos y consecución de metas y objetivos. Se concluye
que la identificación de los recursos internos de los emprendimientos de turismo
comunitario permitirá conocer y dimensionar su estructura y así potenciar sus
capacidades, sugiriendo un elemento adicional a su autogestión. Es de interés enfatizar
Magister en Tributación y Finanzas. Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, Facultad de Hotelería y Turismo, Profesor
Tiempo Completo Agregado 1. Manta- Ecuador. Correo electrónico: carmen.lucas@uleam.edu.ec https://orcid.org/0000-
0002-4287-2902.
Magister en Gerencia Educativa. Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, Campus Pedernales, Profesor Auxiliar Tiempo
Completo. Pedernales-Ecuador. Correo electrónico: gladys70salazar@gmail.com
https://scolar.google.com.ec/citaciones?user=3p3ciOMAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=sao
Magister en Enseñanza del idioma inglés. Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, Facultad de Hotelería y Turismo.
Profesor Tiempo Completo Agregado 1. Manta-Ecuador. Correo electrónico: claudia.loor@uleam.edu.ec
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3756-2771
El emprendimiento social en el turismo comunitario de la provincia de Manab í,
Ecuador
662
que el emprendimiento social en el turismo comunitario manabita, requiere de una
dimensión económica rentable porque son empresas sociales que poseen una estructura
organizativa con sus recursos y capacidades naturales, culturales y humanos que
requieren de una inversión económica para su mantenimiento.
Palabras clave: Recursos y capacidades, emprendimiento social, turismo comunitario,
Ecuador, emprendimiento turístico.
RECIBIDO: Mayo 2019 ACEPTADO: Julio 2019
ABSTRACT
The tourism sector is considered in Ecuador as an economic and social activity,
generating entrepreneurial opportunities that promote integral and inclusive
development and improve the quality of life of the population. The objective of this
research is to analyze the contribution of the Theories of Resources and Capacities
(Grant, 1991, Barney, 1991, Stam, 2009), social entrepreneurship (Dees, 1998, Pollock,
2015, Buzinde et al., 2017) and that of community tourism (Murphy, 1985; Manyara
and Jones, 2007, Kokkranikal and Morrison, 2011) for the creation of community
tourism enterprises in the Province of Manabí of Ecuador. The methodology used is
documentary and descriptive. Community tourism in Ecuador is part of a strategy of
local development, promoted by the State for the claim and self-management of its
territories and natural resources. The Theory of Resources and Capacities provides
cognitive tools to social enterprises, based on key relationships among resources,
capabilities and competitive advantages, this is not limited only to the business sector
but on the contrary can be extrapolated to different types of organizations with In order
to improve the planning, control, optimization of its processes and consecution of goals
and objectives. It is concluded that the identification of the internal resources of
community tourism ventures will allow us to know and size their structure and thus
enhance their capabilities, suggesting an additional element to their self-management.
It is of interest to emphasize that social entrepreneurship in the Manabi community
tourism requires a profitable economic dimension because they are social enterprises
that have an organizational structure with their natural, cultural and human resources
and capacities that require an economic investment for their maintenance.
Keywords: Resources and capacities, social entrepreneurship, community tourism,
Ecuador, tourism entrepreneurship.
Introducción
El potencial turístico de Ecuador se sustenta en la diversidad natural y cultural
que posee: riqueza natural, paisajes, sitios históricos, riquezas ancestrales, saberes y
costumbres locales, entre otros, constitutivos de espacios turísticos que pueden ser
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