El financiamiento de la banca pública en los Planes de Desarrollo de la Nación en el período 2000-2012
| Date | 01 May 2014 |
| Author |
TELOS. Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales
UNIVERSIDAD Rafael Belloso Chacín
ISSN 1317-0570 ~ Depósito legal pp: 199702ZU31
Vol. 16 (2): 243 - 259, 2014
El financiamiento de la banca pública
en los Planes de Desarrollo de la Nación
en el período 2000-2012
The Financing of Public Banks in the Development
Plans of the Nation, 2000-2012
Marianela Acuña Ortigoza*
Resumen
En esta investigación se exponen los elementos de política pública que di-
reccionan la agenda desarrollada por el Estado venezolano durante el período
2000-2012 para transformar el sistema financiero nacional de acuerdo a los obje-
tivos indicados en los Planes de Desarrollo Nacional, sustentándose en autores
como Álvarez (2009), Girón et al. (2010), Meszaros (2009), Ocando y Pirela
(2008) y documentos institucionales de SUDEBAN, Ministerio de Planificación
y Desarrollo y Asamblea Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. Me-
diante una investigación documental con diseño bibliográfico, se aborda el análi-
sis político y epistémico de la investigación, considerando el método hermenéuti-
co, que permitió reflexionar sobre los mecanismos de financiamiento instrumen-
tados por el Estado venezolano durante el período 2000-2012. Los resultados de
la investigación señalan la necesidad de comprender la axiología que determina la
toma de decisiones públicas para analizar y explicar las dinámicas económicas.
Durante el período analizado se observan cambios significativos en el sistema fi-
nanciero venezolano asociados al cumplimiento de los objetivos enunciados en
243
Recibido: Diciembre 2013 •Aceptado: Febrero 2014
*Economista. Egresada de la Universidad del Zulia (1984). Magíster en Gerencia de
Empresas. LUZ (1993). Docente e investigadora de la Universidad del Zulia, Facul-
tad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales (FCES), Escuela de Economía, en las áreas de
Economía venezolana, Economía y Política Fiscal, Mercados Financieros, Economía
Empresarial y Estrategias Gerenciales (1998/2010). Investigadora adscrita al Centro
de Estudios de la Empresa. Coordinadora de Relaciones Interinstitucionales de
FCES. Miembro del comité editorial de “Información y Cooperación. Cuaderno Ins-
titucional” de la Dirección de Relaciones Interinstitucionales de LUZ. Maracaibo,
Venezuela. Correo electrónico: macunas7@gmail.com
los Planes de Desarrollo Nacional 2001-2007 y 2007-2013, entre ellos: el au-
mento de la participación de la banca pública asociándose la función de banca de
desarrollo como la función fundamental de los bancos públicos, la orientación del
crédito de acuerdo a los propósitos estratégicos de desarrollo, modificación y/o
creación del marco jurídico e institucional, aumento en los niveles de bancariza-
ción, creación de instituciones de atención a sectores excluidos: Banco de Desa-
rrollo de la Mujer y el Banco del Pueblo, transformación del Fondo de Inversio-
nes de Venezuela en el Banco de Desarrollo Económico y Social de Venezuela
(BANDES), y adquisición por parte del Estado venezolano del Banco de Vene-
zuela, lo que permitió incrementar la participación de la banca pública en el finan-
ciamiento de la actividad económica y social del país.
Palabras clave: Política pública, sistema financiero, desarrollo, plan de desarro-
llo económico y social de la nación, banca pública.
Abstract
This research sets forth elements of the public policy that directed the agenda
developed by the Venezuelan government, during the period 2000-2012, to trans-
form the national financial system in accord with objectives outlined in the Na-
tional Development Plans. The research was supported by the work of authors
such as Alvarez (2009), Girón et al. (2010), Meszaros (2009), Ocando and Pirela
(2008) and institutional documents from SUDEBAN, the Ministry of Planning
and Development and the National Assembly of the Bolivarian Republic of Vene-
zuela. Using documentary research with a bibliographic design, the political and
epistemic analyses of the research are addressed, considering the hermeneutic
method, which permitted a reflection on the financing mechanisms implemented
by the Venezuelan government from 2000 to 2012. Research results point to the
need to understand the axiology that determines public decision-making so as to
analyze and explain the economic dynamics. During the analyzed period, signifi-
cant changes were observed in the Venezuelan financial system, associated with ful-
fillment of the objectives enunciated in National Developments Plans for the
2001-2007 and 2007-2012 periods, including: the increase in public banking par-
ticipation associating the function of development banking as the essential role of
public banks, credit orientation according to strategic development purposes,
modification and/or creation of the legal and institutional framework, an increase
in banking levels, the creation of institutions to attend excluded sectors, such as the
Women’s Development Bank and the People’s Bank, transforming the Investment
Fund of Venezuela into the Economic and Social Development Bank of Venezuela
(BANDES, its acronym in Spanish), and acquisition of the Bank of Venezuela by
the Venezuelan government, which permitted increasing the public banking share
in the financing of economic and social activity in the country.
Keywords: Public policy, financial system, development, economic and social
development plan of the nation, public banking.
244
Marianela Acuña Ortigoza
Telos Vol. 16, No. 2 (2014) 243 - 259
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