Fundamentos biotecnológicos del transhumanismo: una discusión bioética
| Pages | 457-464 |
| Date | 01 May 2026 |
| Published date | 01 May 2026 |
| Author | Mario Didan Moreno Muñoz,Eduardo Enrique Argotti Valencia,Bryan Patricio Ramos Chalaco,Mariela Lizeth Valdivieso Menéndez |
| Subject Matter | Social Sciences |
TELOS: Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales
ISSN 1317-0570 / ISSN (e) 2343-5763
Vol.
28
(2)
. Mayo-Agosto
2026
457
Universidad Privada Dr. Rafael Belloso Chacín, Venezuela
FUNDAMENTOS BIOTECNOLÓGICOS DEL TRANSHUMANISMO: UNA DISCUSIÓN
BIOÉTICA
Mario Didan Moreno Muñoz
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0971-1086
Eduardo Enrique Argotti Valencia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4035-4033
Bryan Patricio Ramos Chalaco
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4319-0106
Mariela Lizeth Valdivieso Menéndez
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8532-2707
RECIBIDO: 13/01/2026 / ACEPTADO: 16/04/2026 / PUBLICADO: 18/05/2026
RESUMEN
El transhumanismo constituye un paradigma tecno-filosófico orientado a superar las limitacion es biológicas humanas mediante
tecnologías como la ingeniería genética, la nanotecnología y la ampliación cognitiva. Por lo tanto, esta investigación tiene como objetivo
analizar, críticamente, los fundamentos biotecnológicos del transhumanismo y evaluar sus implicaciones bioéticas a partir de los
principios de dignidad, autonomía, justicia e integridad personal. Se empleó un diseño cualitativo de tipo hermenéutico-documental,
basado en el análisis sistemático de fuentes primarias (autores transhumanistas clásicos y contemporáneos) y secundarias inde xadas
en bases como Scopus, DOAJ y SciELO, seleccionadas mediante criterios de pertinencia temática, rigor académico y actualidad (2000-
2025). El análisis se estructuró en cuatro categorías: (1) concepción de la naturaleza humana, (2) noción de mejoramiento, (3)
fundamentos tecnocientíficos y (4) principios bioéticos. Los hallazgos evidencian una tensión intercategorial en tre una visión
instrumental del cuerpo y una concepción personalista de la dignidad. Se identificó alta densidad teórica en la categoría “mejoramiento”,
pero débil enraizamiento ético en “justicia” y “equidad”. Se concluye que el proyecto transhumanista prioriza la optimización funcional
sobre el valor intrínseco de la persona, lo que exige una evaluación bioética continua sobre los f ines y límites del rediseño humano.
Palabras clave: transhumanismo; discusión bioética; mejora humana; biotecnología; bioética person alista.
Biotechnological foundations of transhumanism: A bioethical discussion
ABSTRACT
Transhumanism is a techno-philosophical paradigm aimed at ov ercoming human biological limitations through technologies such as
genetic engineering, nanotechno logy, and cognitive enhancement. Ther efore, this research aims to critically analyze the
biotechnological foundations of transhumanism and evaluate its bioethical implications based on the principles of dignity, autonomy,
justice, and personal integrity. A hermeneutic-documentary qualitative design was employed, based on the systematic analysis of
primary sources (classical and contemporary transhumanist authors) and secon dary sources indexed in databases such as Scopus,
DOAJ, and SciELO, selected acc ording to criteria of thematic relevance, academic rigor, and recency (2000–2025). The analysis was
structured into four categories: (1) conception of human nature, (2) notion of enhancement, (3) techno-scientific foundations, and (4)
bioethical principles. The findings reveal an intercategorial tension between an instrumental view of the body and a personalist
conception of dignity. A high theoretical density was identified in t he “enhancement” category, but weak ethical grounding in “justice”
and “equity.” It is concluded that the transhumanist project prioritizes functional optimization over the intrinsic value of the person, which
requires ongoing bioethical evaluation of the ends and limits of human redesign.
Keywords: transhumanism; bioethical debate; human enhancement; biotechnology; post -anthropocentric thought.
Introducción
En líneas generales, el transhumanismo no puede entenderse hoy simplemente como una fantasía tecnológica, sino como
un proyecto filosófico que articula una nueva comprensión de lo humano a partir de la biotecnología y otr as tecnologías convergentes.
En palabras de Paramés (20 16), si bien existen distintas definiciones, la mayor ía de los autores coinciden en que el tran shumanismo
es un m ovimiento “tecno-progresista” que propone usar la razón aplicada y los avances científicos para transformar radicalmente la
condición humana, con el fin de alcanzar versiones mejoradas del ser humano y, eventualmente, la figura simbólica y material del
posthumano.
Autor de correspondencia. Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, ESPE – Ecuador. m dmoreno7@espe.edu.ec
Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, ESPE – Ecuador. eeargotti@espe.edu.ec
Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, ESPE – Ecuador. bpramos1@espe.edu.ec
Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, ESPE – Ecuador. mlvaldivieso@espe.edu. ec
Cómo citar: Moreno Muñoz, M ., Argotti Valencia, E., Ramos Chalaco, B., Valdivieso Menéndez, M. (2026). Fundamentos biotecnológicos del
transhumanismo: una discusión bioética. Telos: Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales, 28(2), 457-464.
www.doi.org/10.36390/telos282.24
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