Fundamentos de la negación de la libertad
| Pages | 87-99 |
| Author | María Luisa Tosta |
87
La mayoría de los neurocientícos suele coincidir en la
idea de la determinación del cerebro y de la conducta humana.
Esta armación signica que se considera que la libertad no
existe. En realidad, esta armación suele descansar en dos
fundamentos, que hay que examinar. En primer lugar, la
idea de que la libertad supone una actividad consciente del
individuo y esto lo niegan a partir del experimento de Libet
que sirve de base a esa posición. Otro fundamento para esta
actitud está constituido por la existencia de un prejuicio, que
lleva años en el pensamiento cientíco y del que no se suele
tomar conciencia.
A) EL EXPERIMENTO DE LIBET Y EL POTENCIAL
DE DISPOSICION
En su ya famoso experimento, Libet pide a un sujeto
que mueva un dedo, en el momento que él quiera. Mediante
electro-encefalograma mide una primera actividad cerebral,
denominada potencial de disposición, que se produce 550
milisegundos antes de la acción. Luego viene la toma de
conciencia de la acción, que se produce 200 milisegundos
antes de la acción. En esto se apoya la conclusión de que la
acción comienza antes de que se tome consciencia de ella, lo
cual signica que el cerebro actúa sin que el individuo sea
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