Garantías procesales y debido proceso: rol central de la imputación en el sistema penal peruano
| Pages | 1-7 |
| Date | 05 July 2026 |
| Published date | 05 July 2026 |
| Author | Jordy Yampier Marchena Cabanillas |
| Subject Matter | Social Sciences |
Garantías procesales y debido proceso: rol central de
la imputación en el sistema penal peruano
Procedural safeguardsand due process: the central role of indictment in
the Peruvian criminal justice system
Recibido: 10/08/2025 - Aceptado: 08/11/2025
Jordy Yampier Marchena Cabanillas
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2777-3861
jmarchenac539@ucvvirtual.edu.pe
Universidad César Vallejo. Lima, Perú
Resumen
En el sistema de justicia penal peruano, el principio de imputación específica ha adquirido especial relevancia por
su impacto en la garantía del debido proceso. Diversos estudios advierten que las deficiencias en la formulación
de cargos por parte de a lgunos operadores jurídicos generan confusión, inseguridad jurídica y decisiones
judiciales inconsistentes. Tales deficien cias repercuten de manera directa en la defensa del imputado y en la
coherencia del proceso penal, especialmente en casos complejos, pues la ausencia de delimitaciones claras en
las acusac iones deriva en resoluciones contradictorias que comprometen la seguridad juríd ica y erosionan la
coherencia del sistema. La investigación, desarrollada bajo un enfoque cualitativo de carácter documental-
interpretativo, empleó los métodos dogmático y hermenéutico, complementados con entrevistas
semiestructuradas a jueces, fiscales y abogados defensores seleccionados por su experiencia en litigación penal.
A partir de estos hallazgos, se sostiene que el respeto estricto del principio d e imputación específica c onstituye
una condición esencial p ara garantizar un proceso penal equ ilibrado y compatible con los estándares
constitucionales. Asimismo, el análisis evidenció que la falta de imputaciones claras propicia escenarios de
indefensión, dilata los procedimientos y reduce la calidad del debate jurídico, afectando la uniformida d y
legitimidad de las resoluciones. Se concluye que la observancia de dicho principio es indispensable para asegurar
un proceso penal acorde con los estándares constitucionales. Más allá de ajustes normativos, se requiere
fomentar una cultura institucional basada en la precisión técnica, la cap acitación continua y el compromiso ético
de los operadores de justicia, con el fin de salvaguardar los derechos fundamentales del im putado.
Palabras clave: imputación específica, debido proceso, proceso penal .
Abstract
In the Peruvian criminal justice system, the principle of specific charges has becom e particularly important due to
its impact on the guarantee of due process. Various studies warn that deficiencies in the formulation of charges
by some legal practitione rs lead to confusion, legal uncertainty, and inconsistent judicial decisions. Such
deficiencies have a direct impact on the defense of the accused and on the consistenc y of the criminal proc ess,
especially in complex cases, since the absence of clear boundaries in the charges leads to contradictory rulings
that compromise legal certainty and erode the consistency of the system. The research, developed using a
qualitative documentary-interpretive approach, employed dogm atic and hermeneutic methods, complemented by
semi-structured interviews with judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys selected for their experience in criminal
litigation. Based on these findings, it is argued that s trict adherence to the principle of specific ch arges is an
essential condition for ensuring a balanced criminal process that is compatible with constitutional standards.
Likewise, the anal ysis showed that the lack of clear charges leads to scenarios of defenselessness, delays
proceedings, and reduces the quality of legal debate, affecting the uniformity and legitimacy of rulings. It is
concluded that observance of this principle is indispensable to ensure criminal proceedings in accordance with
constitutional standards. Beyond regulatory adjustments, it is necessary to foster an institutional culture based on
technical precision, continuous training, and the ethical commitment of justice operators in order to safeguard the
fundamental rights of the accused.
Keywords: specific charge, due process, criminal proceedings.
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