Gobernabilidad, democracia y derechos humanos en Venezuela (1999-2012)
| Author | Egda Ortíz Mármol, Mayrú Mocletón Olivarez, Lisnery Villegas Oropeza |
| Position | Universidad del Zulia-Venezuela/Universidad del Zulia-Venezuela |
| Pages | 103-126 |
Gobernabilidad, democracia y derechos
humanos en Venezuela (1999-2012)*
Egda Ortíz Mármol**
Mayrú Mocletón Olivarez***
Lisnery Villegas Oropeza****
Resumen
Este artículo tiene como objetivo explicar la relación entre go-
bernabilidad, democracia y derechos humanos en Venezuela entre
1999-2012. Se realiza una revisión teórico-conceptual de los fenómenos
mencionados. La preocupación que en la actualidad existe por la situa-
ción de los derechos humanos apunta a considerar con mayor interés
la democracia como sistema político. La finalidad de la democracia no
sólo desde el plano individual sino colectivo se vincula con la sociedad
de bienestar y la idea de bienestar ciudadano (PNUD-OEA, 2010). En Venezuela, en-
tre 1958-1998 la democracia se expresó en gobernabilidad y vigencia de los derechos
humanos; a pesar de eventos como los de 1989 y 1992 en los que hubo violación de
los derechos humanos que permitieron el nacimiento de organizaciones no guber-
namentales en su defensa. Aunque en la Constitución de 1999 la materia de los dere-
chos humanos tuvo preeminencia y representa un gran avance, el gobierno con sus
actuaciones expresadas en políticas públicas entre 1999-2012 debilitó la democracia
y resquebrajó el Estado de Derecho. Sin embargo, los ciudadanos reclamaron sus
derechos y defendieron los valores democráticos. Se concluye que los venezolanos
han defendido su derecho al restablecimiento de la democracia.
Palabras clave:Democracia, derechos humanos, gobernabilidad, Venezuela.
Cuestiones Políticas Vol. 29. Nº 51, julio-diciembre 2013, 103 - 126
IEPDP-Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas - LUZ
ISSN 0798-1406 ~ Depósito legal pp 198502ZU132
*Proyecto de investigación registrado en el CONDES. No. VAC-CONDES-CH-0243-
11.“Gobernabilidad democrática y derechos humanos en Venezuela: 2000-2010”. Uni-
versidad del Zulia.
** Investigadora adscrita a la Unidad de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Humanísti-
cas del Núcleo Costa Oriental del Lago. Universidad del Zulia. eortiz@col.luz.edu.ve.
*** Investigadora adscrita a la Unidad de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Humanísti-
cas del Núcleo Costa Oriental del Lago. Universidad del Zulia. mayrumocle-
ton@yahoo.com.
**** Asistente de investigación. lizneryvillegas@hotmail.com.
Recibido: 31-05-2013 ~ ~ ~ Aceptado: 06-09-2013
Governance, Democracy and Human Rights
in Venezuela (1999-2012)
Abstract
This article aims to explain the relationship between governance, democ-
racy and human rights in Venezuela from 1999 to 2012. A conceptual and theoreti-
cal review was performed on the aforementioned phenomena. Today, a concern
exists about the human rights situation that points to taking a greater interest in
considering democracy as a political system. The purpose of democracy is di-
rected not only to the individual level, but also to the collective level; it is linked
to the welfare society and the idea of citizen welfare (PNUD-OEA, 2010). In Vene-
zuela, from 1958 to1998, democracy was expressed in governance and the valid-
ity of human rights, despite the events of 1989 and 1992, where human rights vio-
lations occurred that permitted the birth of non-governmental organizations to
defend them. Even though the subject of human rights had preeminence in the
1999 Constitution and represents a great advance, the government, with its
actions expressed in public policies from 1999 to 2012, weakened democracy and
fractured the “State of Law.” However, citizens demanded their rights and de-
fended democratic values. Conclusions are that Venezuelans have defended
their right to re-establishing democracy.
Key words:Democracy, human rights, governance, Venezuela.
Introducción
Con el objetivo de explicar la relación entre la democracia, la gober-
nabilidad y los derechos humanos en Venezuela para el período guberna-
mental 1999-2012, en este artículo se revisa la cuestión de los derechos
humanos en la actualidad; se presentan las definiciones de la gobernabi-
lidad y la democracia. Breves antecedentes del fenómeno democrático y
de la gobernabilidad se exponen para los cuarenta años que transcurren
entre 1958 y 1998, los que permiten explicar luego ampliamente la rela-
ción entre los derechos humanos, la democracia y la gobernabilidad en-
tre 1999-2012. Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones respecto a los
fenómenos seleccionados.
Egda Ortíz Mármol, Mayrú Mocletón Olivarez y Lisnery Villegas Oropeza
104 Gobernabilidad, democracia y derechos humanos en Venezuela (1999-2012)
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