La ilegalidad del régimen cambiario del sector exportador
| Date | 01 January 2021 |
| Author |
LA ILEGALIDAD DEL RÉGIMEN CAMBIARIO
DEL SECTOR EXPORTADOR
Iván López Ruiz
Abogado UCV, con Especialización en Derecho Tributario
por la misma Universidad
Resumen: Los Convenios Cambiarios dictados conjuntamente por el Banco Cen-
tral de Venezuela y el Ministe rio competente en materia de fina nzas, han estable-
cido limitaciones y vulnera do los derechos y garantías constitucionales de pr opie-
dad, libertad económica, libre tránsito y no discriminación de los exportadores ve-
nezolanos, al determina r la forma en que pueden disponer de las divisas prod uctos
de sus operaciones, sin que exista ley formal que así lo autorice, pese a la clara
distinción legal de la menor intensi dad de su regulación respecto a la aplicab le a
las operaciones cambiarias vinculadas a la Libre Convertibilidad y a las Reservas
Internacionales del país, afectando su legalidad.
Palabras Clave: Convenios Cambia rios, Banco Central de Venezuela, ex portado-
res, divisas, Libre Convertibilidad.
Abstract: The Exchange Agreements issued jointly by the Central Bank of Vene-
zuela and the Ministry of Finance, hav e established limitations and violat ed the
constitutional rights and guarantees of property, economic freedom, free transit
and non-discrimination of Venezuelan exporters, when determining the way in
which they can dispose of the foreign currency obtained from their operations,
without there being a formal law that authorizes it, and despite the clear legal dis-
tinction of the lesser intensity of its regulation with respect to that applicable to ex-
change operations related to Free Convertibility and the country's International
Reserves, all this affecting their legality.
Key words: Exchange Agreements, Central Bank of Venezuela, Exporters, foreign
currency, free convertibility.
Las exportaciones son instrumento fundamental para generar empleo, divisas, valor
agregado nacional y bienestar social, principios estos que fundamentan el Sistema Socio
Económico de la nación conforme a la Constitución de la república.
Sin embargo, un ilegal Régimen Cambiario impuesto al Sector Exportador nacional
desde el año 2003, actualmente contenido en los artículos 57, 58 y 59 del Convenio Cambia-
rio N° 1 (Gaceta Oficial Nº 6.405 Extraordinario del 07/09/2018), impone obligaciones que
limitan los derechos constitucionales de propiedad, libre tránsito, libertad económica y las
garantías de no discriminación y no confiscación de los exportadores, afectando su desarro-
llo, como lo evidencia la merma del sector ocurrida desde ese año.
Las normas en cuestión son del tenor siguiente:
Artículo 57. Las personas naturales y jurídicas privadas, dedicadas a la exportación de bie-
nes y servicios, podrán retener y administrar libremente hasta el ochenta por ciento (80%) del
ingreso que perciban en divisas, en razón de las exportaciones realizadas, para atender gas-
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