La Libertad sindical como un valor fundamental para el ejercicio de la democracia sindical y su eficacia en Venezuela

AuthorMaritza Coromoto Espinoza Baptista, Walkenia Carolina Graterol Espinoza
PositionAbogado. Doctora en Derecho. Docente de la Universidad de Carabobo/Abogado. Magister en Derecho del Trabajo
Pages229-253
Revista Gaceta Laboral
Vol. 26, No. 3 (2020): 229-253
Universidad del Zulia (LUZ) • ISSN 1315-8597
229
Recibido: 11-11-2020 Aceptado: 18-12-2020
La libertad sindical como un valor
fundamental para el ejercicio de la
democracia sindical y su ecacia en
Venezuela
Maritza Coromoto Espinoza Baptista
Abogado. Doctora en Derecho. Docente de la Universidad de Carabobo.
Correo electrónico: maritzacespinozab@gmail.com
Walkenia Carolina Graterol Espinoza
Abogado. Magister en Derecho del Trabajo.
Correo electrónico: carolinadigicel@gmail.com
Resumen
La investigación versó sobre la libertad sindical, como un valor fundamental
para ejercer el derecho que lleva implícito la democracia sindical en Venezuela,
donde se tomó en cuenta el contexto constitucional, legal y doctrinario desde
el ámbito nacional e internacional, cuyo objetivo general estuvo enmarcado
en determinar si en Venezuela existe el reconocimiento de la libertad sindical
como un valor fundamental para el ejercicio de la democracia sindical y su
ecacia en la actualidad. Dicha investigación es de tipo documental, enfocada
en la revisión, análisis y estudios de textos, documentos y leyes, relativos a
su objeto, donde se resaltó el signicado de libertad y democracia sindical, su
fundamentación desde sus inicios y su efectividad en la práctica; el diseño es
bibliográco. Se llegó a la conclusión que los principios de libertad y demo-
cracia sindical, son reconocidos constitucional y legalmente en Venezuela y
que el derecho que lleva implícito aquella de autorregulación, exige a la vez el
derecho a elegir a sus autoridades conforme a sus estatutos y reglamentos sin
injerencia alguna, lo que garantiza el ejercicio de la democracia sindical, pero
su aplicación en la actualidad, es inecaz por la intervención estatal, lo que
pudiere conllevar a que por decisión de las mismas organizaciones sindicales,
continúen supeditadas al Consejo Nacional Electoral para la convocatoria, or-
ganización y reglamentación de la elección de sus dirigentes.
Palabras Clave: Sindicatos; trabajadores; libertad sindical; democracia sindical.
230
La libertad sindical.../ Maritza Espinoza y Walkenia Graterol
Trade union freedom as a fundamental value
for the exercise of trade union democracy
and its effectiveness in Venezuela
Abstract
The investigation dealt with freedom of association, as a fundamental value to
exercise the right implicit in union democracy in Venezuela, where the consti-
tutional, legal and doctrinal context was taken into account from the national
and international scope, whose general objective was framed in to determine
whether in Venezuela there is the recognition of freedom of association as a
fundamental value for the exercise of union democracy and its effectiveness
today. Said research is of a documentary type, focused on the review, analysis
and studies of texts, documents and laws, related to its object, where the me-
aning of union freedom and democracy was highlighted, its foundation from
its beginnings and its effectiveness in practice; the design is bibliographic. It
was concluded that the principles of trade union freedom and democracy are
constitutionally and legally recognized in Venezuela and that the right implicit
in that of self-regulation, demands at the same time the right to elect its autho-
rities in accordance with its statutes and regulations without Any interference,
which guarantees the exercise of union democracy, but its application at pre-
sent is ineffective due to state intervention, which could lead to the decision of
the union organizations themselves, continuing to be subject to the National
Electoral Council for the convocation, organization and regulation of the elec-
tion of its leaders.
Keywords: Unions; workers; freedom of association; union democracy.
Introducción
El sindicalismo en Venezuela
es fundamentalmente sindicalismo
obrero, pero el término puede
aplicarse a todas las asociaciones
profesionales organizadas sobre el
sistema de sindicatos; así se tiene,
que tanto los trabajadores como
los patronos tienen el derecho de
asociarse libremente en sindicatos,
siendo este derecho una garantía
fundamental del principio de la
libertad sindical.
La libertad sindical aparece
mencionada por primera vez en
el Preámbulo de la Constitución
de la Organización Internacional
del Trabajo (OIT) en 1919, siendo
Venezuela miembro fundador;
fue reiterada en la Convención de
Filadela de 1944 y se desarrolló
entre otros, en los Convenios Nº
87 y 98 de la citada Organización
Internacional del Trabajo.
Desde el ámbito nacional, existe
en Venezuela un reconocimiento
a los principios de libertad y
democracia sindical; tanto desde el
punto de vista constitucional como
legal, que data de la Ley del Trabajo
de 1936, donde se consagraron por
primera vez. Luego la Constitución
de la República de 1947, incluyó

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