Un modelo de intervención social estratégica para la salud pública regional

Pages317-334
Date01 January 2026
Published date01 January 2026
AuthorAngel Urdaneta
Un modelo de intervención social estratégica
para la salud pública regional
Angel Urdaneta
Docente e Investigador Escuela de Trabajo Social, Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas.
Universidad del Zulia (LUZ) Maracaibo, Venezuela. E-mail: angelurdanetave@gmail.com;
ORCID ID: https://0009-0000-2866-4894
Resumen. El presente artículo expone y analiza un modelo de intervención so-
cial estratégica, concebido como respuesta integral a la crítica situación del acceso a
servicios oncológicos de calidad para poblaciones vulnerables en Maracaibo, Estado
Zulia, Venezuela. La propuesta, originada y promovida por la Fundación Social Voces
de Esperanza, se estructura sobre un tríptico de acción interdependiente y sinérgico:
1) la implementación del Centro Médico Popular de Atención al Paciente Oncológi-
co “Dr. Ángel Adolfo Urdaneta Aguirre” (Centro OncoVida), como eje operativo de
la atención directa; 2) la incidencia política para la aprobación del Anteproyecto de
Ley de Protección Integral al Paciente Oncológico del Estado Zulia, buscando crear
el marco jurídico-institucional necesario, incluyendo la creación del Instituto Zulia-
no de Oncología (IZO); y 3) la consolidación de la Cátedra Libre de Trabajo Social,
Resiliencia y Ciudadanía Oncológica (TSR-CO) en la Universidad del Zulia (LUZ),
como pilar fundamental para la formación de capital humano especializado, la inves-
tigación aplicada y el soporte técnicocientíco del modelo. Metodológicamente, el
diseño, planicación y futura evaluación del modelo se fundamentan en la Metodolo-
gía de Marco Lógico (MML), asegurando una gestión orientada a resultados medibles
y vericables. El modelo no solo busca mejorar la atención médica, con metas como
atender a 10.000 pacientes anualmente y reducir costos en un 40% respecto al sec-
tor privado, sino también fortalecer el capital social, promover la equidad, incidir en
políticas públicas y alinearse con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) 3 y
10. Se discute en detalle la justicación socio-sanitaria, los componentes del modelo,
su fundamentación teórica (Teoría de la Sociedad Civil, Capital Social, Enfoque de
Derechos Humanos) y su estrategia de sostenibilidad multidimensional (nanciera,
institucional, social y ambiental).
Palabras clave: intervención social, salud pública, oncología, marco lógico, política pública.
Recibido: 12/07/2025 ~ Aceptado: 15/09/2025
INTERACCIÓN Y PERSPECTIVA
Revista de Trabajo Social
ISSN 2244-808X ~ Dep. Legal pp 201002Z43506
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17643173
Vol. 16 (1): 317 - 334 pp, 2026
318 Urdaneta
Interacción y Perspectiva. Revista de Trabajo Social Vol. 16(1): 2026
A strategic social intervention model for regional public
health
Abstract. is article presents and analyzes a strategic social intervention model,
conceived as a comprehensive response to the critical situation of access to quality
oncological services for vulnerable populations in Maracaibo, Zulia State, Venezuela.
e proposal, originated and promoted by the Fundación Social Voces de Esperanza,
is structured on an interdependent and synergistic triptych of action: 1) the imple-
mentation of the “Dr. Ángel Adolfo Urdaneta Aguirre” Popular Medical Center for
Oncological Patient Care (OncoVida Center), as the operational axis of direct care; 2)
political advocacy for the approval of the Draft Law for the Comprehensive Protection
of Oncological Patients in Zulia State, seeking to create the necessary legal-institu-
tional framework, including the creation of the Zulia Oncology Institute (IZO); and
3) the consolidation of the Open Chair for Social Work, Resilience, and Oncological
Citizenship (TSR-CO) at the University of Zulia (LUZ), as a fundamental pillar for
the training of specialized human capital, applied research, and technical-scientic
support for the model. Methodologically, the design, planning, and future evaluation
of the model are based on the Logical Framework Methodology (LFM), ensuring
management oriented towards measurable and veriable results. e model not only
aims to improve medical care, with goals such as serving 10,000 patients annually and
reducing costs by 40% compared to the private sector, but also to strengthen social
capital, promote equity, inuence public policies, and align with Sustainable Develop-
ment Goals (SDGs) 3 and 10. e socio-sanitary justication, the components of the
model, its theoretical foundation (Civil Society eory, Social Capital, Human Rights
Approach), and its multidimensional sustainability strategy (nancial, institutional,
social, and environmental) are discussed in detail.
Keywords: social intervention, public health, oncology, logical framework, public policy.
INTRODUCCIÓN
La República Bolivariana de Venezuela, constituida como un Estado democrático y social
de Derecho y de Justicia, consagra en su Carta Magna (CRBV, 1999, Art. 83) la salud como un
derecho social fundamental, intrínsecamente ligado al derecho a la vida, y establece la obligación
irrenunciable del Estado de garantizarlo. Sin embargo, la brecha entre el mandato constitucional y
la realidad socio-sanitaria del país se ha profundizado dramáticamente en las últimas décadas. La
prolongada y compleja crisis humanitaria, caracterizada por una severa contracción económica,
hiperinación, deterioro de los servicios públicos y una signicativa migración de talento humano,
ha impactado de forma devastadora el sistema nacional de salud (HumVenezuela, 2024).
En este contexto de fragilidad institucional y precariedad generalizada, la atención de enfer-
medades crónicas, complejas y de alto costo, como el cáncer, se ha tornado particularmente crítica.
La Sociedad Anticancerosa de Venezuela (SAV), en sus boletines anuales, ha documentado consis-
tentemente el alarmante panorama epidemiológico. Para el año 2024, las proyecciones indicaban
un incremento estimado del 28,81% en la mortalidad por cáncer a nivel nacional en comparación
con las cifras de 2016 (pasando de 25.836 a 33.280 decesos estimados), y un aumento del 14,64%

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