Modelo social como alternativa para el desarrollo de la persona con discapacidad, Callao. Perú
| Date | 01 September 2019 |
| Author |
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0570
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199702ZU31
ISSN (e) 2343-5763
~Vol.
21
(3)
:
681-709.
2019
681
MODELO SOCIAL COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA
EL DESARROLLO DE LA PERSONA CON
DISCAPACIDAD, CALLAO. PERÚ
Social model as an alternative to the development of the person with
disabilities, Callao. Perú
Felix David Garay Ordoñez y Irma Milagros Carhuancho Mendoza
RESUMEN
Las personas con discapacidad tienen que lidiar diariamente con barreras físicas, de
actitud, sociales y políticas, en vista que su desarrollo integral se encuentra limitada. El
objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la importancia del modelo social como
alternativa para el desarrollo de la persona con discapacidad, Callao, Perú. La
metodología empleada fue de enfoque cualitativo, método estudio de caso, la técnica
utilizada fue la entrevista con su respectiva guía, tenemos además que coexistieron
como unidades informantes: un funcionario del Estado de la Oficina municipal de
atención a la persona con discapacidad (Omaped) Municipalidad Provincial del Callao,
una ex coordinadora regional del Consejo para la integración de la persona con
discapacidad (Conadis) Callao, cuatro personas con diferentes tipos de discapacidad y
dos personas sin discapacidad. El procesamiento de datos se realizó mediante el
Programa de análisis cualitativo Atlas Ti-7. De esta manera, se procedió con la
triangulación de las teorías relacionadas y los trabajos previos, resultando de esta
manera que los estudios guardaban coherencia con la investigación. Cabe precisar que
autores multidisciplinarios como Abberley (1987), Oliver (1998) y Palacios (2008)
fundamentaron un modelo social como el que se plantea. En la Convención sobre los
derechos de la persona con discapacidad CDPD (ONU, 2006), se reconoció a estas
personas como sujetos de Derechos Humanos. Actualmente existen avances en el
Estado y la sociedad respecto al trato digno, accesibilidad universal e inclusión de la
persona con discapacidad, pero las barreras aún subsisten, más aún porque las
autoridades no cumplen con la normatividad para lograr una mejor calidad de vida. Por
lo tanto, es necesario precisar que las políticas públicas sustentadas en el modelo social
constituirían una alternativa para el desarrollo de la persona con discapacidad.
Magíster en Gestión Pública; Doctorando en Gestión Pública y Gobernabilidad, Universidad César Vallejo, Lima - Perú;
correo electrónico: fgaray64@hotmail.com; ORCID 0000-0002-0570-3544
Doctora en Administración, Universidad César Vallejo, Lima - Perú; correo electrónico: irmamilagros@yahoo.com;
ORCID 0000-0002-4060-5667
Modelo social como alterna tiva para el desar rollo de la persona con discapacidad,
Callao. P erú
682
Palabras claves: Modelo social, persona con discapacidad, trato digno, accesibilidad,
inclusión.
RECIBIDO: Mayo 2019 ACEPTADO: Julio 2019
ABSTRACT
People with disabilities have to deal daily with physical, attitude, social and political
barriers, since their integral development is limited. The objective of this paper is to
analyze the importance of the social model as an alternative for the development of the
person with disability, Callao, Peru. The methodology used was a qualitative approach,
case study method, the technique used was the interview with their respective guide, we
have also coexisted as reporting units: a State official of the Municipal office of
attention to the person with disabilities Omaped Provincial Municipality of Callao, a
former regional coordinator of the Council for the integration of the person with
disabilities Conadis Callao, four people with different types of disability and two people
without disabilities. Data processing was carried out through the Atlas Ti-7 qualitative
analysis program. In this way, we proceeded with the triangulation of the related
theories and the previous works, resulting in that the studies were consistent with the
investigation. It should be noted that multidisciplinary authors such as Abberley (1987),
Oliver (1998) and Palacios (2008) founded a social model like the one proposed. In the
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities CDPD (UN, 2006), these persons
were recognized as subjects of Human Rights. Currently there are advances in the State
and society regarding the dignified treatment, universal accessibility and inclusion of
the person with disability, but the barriers still exist, even more because the authorities
do not comply with the regulations to achieve a better quality of life. Therefore, it is
necessary to specify that public policies based on the social model would constitute an
alternative for the development of the person with disability.
Keywords: Social model, person with a disability, dignified treatment, accessibility,
inclusion.
Introducción
Históricamente las culturas antiguas, como Esparta, creyeron que las personas que
mostraban alguna forma de discapacidad tenían que ser sujetos de infanticidio o
exterminio, decían que era castigo de los dioses que tengan alguna forma de
discapacidad (Palacios, 2008). Al trascurrir los años las personas con alguna
discapacidad no fueron exterminadas, pero eran objeto de marginación y las ubicaban
con los mendigos y enfermos. En la edad moderna, después de dos guerras mundiales;
otras en Corea, y Vietnam, la discapacidad era considerada solo como un asunto médico
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