Algunas pinceladas sobre las acciones para el control judicial de los actos estatales por las Cortes Federales Norteamericanas: entre otras las solicitudes de medidas cautelares, las temporary restraining orders y las preliminary injunctions
| Pages | 171-179 |
| Date | 01 January 2025 |
| Published date | 01 January 2025 |
| Author | Allan Brewer Carías |
| Subject Matter | Derecho Público y Administrativo |
Comentarios Monográficos
ALGUNAS PINCELADAS SOBRE LAS ACCIONES PARA
EL CONTROL JUDICIAL DE LOS ACTOS ESTATALES
POR LAS CORTES FEDERALES NORTEAMERICANAS:
ENTRE OTRAS, LAS SOLICITUDES DE MEDIDAS
CAUTELARES: LAS TEMPORARY RESTRAINING
ORDERS Y LAS PRELIMINARY INJUNCTIONS
Allan R. Brewer-Carías
Profesor emérito, Universidad Central de Venezuela
Director de la Revista
Resumen: Este comentario se refiere a las diversas acciones que se intentan ante
las Cortes Federales de los Estados Unidos para ejercer el control judicial de los
actos del Poder Ejecutivo, que cond ucen generalmente ala emisión por los jueces,
de injunctions, sea como medi das cautelares (las temporary res training orders y
las preliminary injunc tions) o como decisiones definitivas (preventive o re storative
injunctions).
Palabras Clave: Control judicial; Acciones ju diciales; Medidas cautelares
Abstract: This commentary refers to the various actions that are filed before the
Federal Courts of the United States to exercise judicial review over the acts of the
Executive Branch, which generally lead to the issuance by judges of injunctions, ei-
ther as precautionary meas ures (temporary restraining orders and preliminary i n-
junctions) or as final decisions (preventive or restorative injunctions).
Key words: Judicial Review; Judicial actions; Injunctions
I. LAS INJUNCTIONS EN UNA APROXIMACIÓN COMPARATIVA
A diferencia de lo que sucede en los países de Europa continental o de América latina,
donde se han establecido procedimientos judiciales específicos e, incluso tribunales especia-
les para asegurar el control judicial de la constitucionalidad de las leyes, de la legalidad de
los actos administrativos (contencioso administrativo) o la protección de los derechos decla-
rados en la Constitución (amparo), como los que se han regulado en Venezuela, por ejemplo;
en los Estados Unidos el control judicial de la constitucionalidad de las leyes, y de la legali-
dad de los actos ejecutivos, y el amparo a los derechos fundamentales, se obtiene mediante el
ejercicio de las acciones generales de protección de derechos e intereses o de propiedad,
regulados en las normas generales del proceso civil,1 particularmente ante los Jueces de las
Cortes Federales de Distrito.2
1 Véase Allan R. Brewer-Carías, Constitutional Protection of Human Rights in Latin America. A
Comparative Study of Amparo Proceedings, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2009, pp.
364 ss.
2 Sobre la importancia de los Jueces Federales de Distrito para el control judicial en el sistema
judicial norte americano, véase por ejemplo, los co mentarios del Juez del Quinto Circuito de Ape-
laciones de los Estados Unidos, James C. Ho, a raíz de los casos judiciales iniciados a l comienzo
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