Presentación de un modelo práctico para la prevención de la victimización sexual de niños y adolescentes en Irán: síntesis de investigación
| Autor | Sahand Mahdavi Zargar, Shahla Moazami, Shadi Azimzadeh |
| Cargo | PhD Student, Department of Law, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran. / Associate Professor, Department of Law, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. / Assistant Professor, Department of Law, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. |
| Páginas | 179-202 |
Interacción y Perspectiva. Revista de Trabajo Social Vol. 12 No 2 / julio-diciembre, 2022
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Interacción y Perspectiva Dep. Legal pp 201002Z43506
Revista de Trabajo Social ISSN 2244-808X
Vol. 12 No2 179-202pp. Copyright © 2022
Julio-diciembre
ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN
Presentación de un modelo práctico para la prevención de la victimización
sexual de niños y adolescentes en Irán: síntesis de investigación
DOI:10.5281/zenodo.7114623
Sahand Mahdavi Zargar *, Shahla Moazami ** y Shadi Azimzadeh**
Resumen
Las tasas de abuso infantil suelen ser más bajas que en el mundo. Los estudios en Irán
muestran que el 10% ha sido violado al menos una vez en su vida. La mayoría de las
violaciones no se denuncian por varias razones, y solo 344 de cada 1000 violaciones se
denuncian a la policía. En otras palabras, de tres casos, dos permanecen ocultos. En
2013, 561 personas fueron encarceladas en Irán por delitos relacionados con la violencia
sexual infantil, situación que aumentó a 2683 en 2021. Las sobrevivientes de violación,
tienen menos probabilidades de buscar tratamiento postraumático, solo el 26% busca
atención médica, por lo que el aumento de delitos sexuales en Irán muestra la necesidad
de mayores esfuerzos para estudiar estrategias de prevención. Se trata de una
investigación cuyo propósito fue presentar un modelo práctico para la prevención del
abuso sexual en niños y adolescentes en Irán. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de
un cuestionario elaborado por el investigador en secciones cuantitativas y cualitativas.
Las pruebas de chi-cuadrado y la de Fisher permitieron analizar los datos del cuestionario
utilizando el software estadístico SPSS (versión 18). Los resultados mostraron que ocho
factores sociales, económicos, de género, familiares, demográficos, mediáticos,
psicológicos y biológicos pueden jugar un papel en la victimización sexual de niños y
adolescentes.
Palabras clave: modelo de prevención, victimización sexual, síntesis de investigación,
niñez, adolescencia.
Abstract
Presenting a Practical Model for the Prevention of Sexual Victimization of
Children and Adolescents in Iran: Research Synthesis
Child abuse rates are often lower than in the real world while social problems are hidden.
Studies in Iran show that 10% of children have been raped at least once in their life.
Most rapes are not reported to the police for various reasons, with only 344 out of 1,000
rapes being reported to the police. In other words, out of three cases, two remain hidden.
In 2013, 561 people were imprisoned in Iran for crimes related to child sexual violence,
which will increase to 2683 in 2021. Rape survivors, on the other hand, are less likely to
seek post-traumatic treatment, with only 26% of victims. Seek medical attention, for
which the increase in sexual crimes in Iran shows the need for greater efforts to study
prevention strategies and postpone and reduce these crimes. This research is applied in
terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of execution method. The purpose of
Mahdavi, Moazami y Azimzadeh / Presentación de un modelo práctico para la prevención de la victimización
sexual de niños y adolescentes en Irán
180
this study is to present a practical model for the prevention of sexual abuse of children
and adolescents in Iran. For this, the data was collected through a combination of
research and a questionnaire prepared by the researcher in quantitative and qualitative
sections, respectively. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze
the questionnaire data using the statistical software SPSS (version 18). The results of a
combination of investigations showed that eight factors like social, economic, gender,
family, demographic, media, psychological and biological can play a role in the sexual
victimization of children and adolescents.
Keywords: prevention model, sexual victimization, research synthesis, children,
adolescents.
Recibido: 08/08/2022 Aceptado: 12/09/2022
*PhD Student, Department of Law, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran. Email:
sahandmahdavi68@chmail.ir
**Associate Professor, Department of Law, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: smoazami@ut.ac.ir
***Assistant Professor, Department of Law, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. E-
mail: Sh_azimzadeh@azad.ac.ir
1.- Introduction
The rising trend in sexual offences in Iran calls for much more efforts to reflect on
prevention strategies, and consequently moderate such crimes because of their
undesirable consequences, such as loss of a sense of security, weak family structure,
widespread lawlessness in the society, and thus hurting the feelings in the public
(Towhidi & Fazli, 2014: 72). The starting point of criminology is to identify the effective
factors in crime incidence in order for providing prevention strategies, and then
developing correctional treatment, accordingly (Mirkhalili, 2009: 35).
Therefore, it is of utmost importance to find the factors affecting the occurrence of such
crimes and take action to eradicate them. The increasing prevalence rate of sexual
deviations in recent years also indicates the uselessness of the legislative response to
sexual offenses and misconduct. In spite of the uncontrollable growth of sexual crimes
in the society, they have not still received much attention from experts in various fields
for unknown reasons (Towhidi & Fazli, 2014: 72). The strategies that have been adopted
so far to deal with sexual victimization have been merely subjective, cross-sectional,
superficial, short-term, and without any real and comprehensive pathology (Paknahad,
2013: 30).
As children and adolescents are psychologically and socially more sensitive, and are
even much more vulnerable than other age groups, and considering that the progress
and development in any society largely depends on public health, the research on the
phenomenon of sexual victimization to detect the causes of crimes and offences is very
important because it contributes to detecting the shortcomings and taking action to solve
these problems. In this way, the challenges facing the society, particularly the future
generations as the most sensitive but flexible groups can be resolved, and some
strategies can be implemented to advance the scientific and cultural goals in the society
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