La responsabilidad del Estado por las violaciones de Derechos Humanos en la Carta de las Naciones Unidas

AuthorLuis Fernando Álvarez Londoño
PositionDecano Académico de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Colombia)
Pages11-23
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La
responsabilida
d
po
r
l
as
vio
l
acio
n
es de
dere
c
hos humanos es
esencia
l
mente del
Es
t
ado
y
obedece
a
l
proceso
histó
r
ico de
su
surgimiento.
Con
el
nac
i
miento
de
l
a
conce
p
c
i
ón
de
l
E
stado moderno
y
de
las
luc
h
as
que
a
l i
nter
io
r de
los
t
err
i
torios
se
l
i
braron
pa
ra
e
ll
o
,
cambió
l
a
concepción de
lo
que significa
e
l
ejercicio del
pode
r público.
En
ese enton
c
es, tomando como
r
efe
r
e
n
te
h
i
s
t
ór
i
co
la
r
evo
l
ució
n
francesa de
1
789
,
h
aciendo un cambio del
concepto de autoridad
y
adoptan
d
o
l
a
idea
de
ind
i
vid
u
o,
come
n
a
comprende
r
se
que
el
ejercicio de
l
a
autorida
d
no
p
od
í
a
i
r
por caminos
d
iferentes de
aquello
s
que
,
j
ustamente,
h
aciendo
u
n
voto
de
confianza
,
h
a
an
de
p
ositado parte
de
sus
bienes
j
u
r
ídicos
e
n
un
fondo
p
ara
el
bienestar
de
t
o
d
os.
De lo
que
se
tratab
a
,
naturalmente,
e
r
a
de trazar líneas
de
f
ronte
r
a
pa
r
a
que por ningún motivo
fue
ra
n
t
r
ansg
r
edidas
o
vu
l
neradas por
la
a
rbi
t
r
ar
i
edad
de
l
sobe
r
ano
.
1
.
In
tr
o
ducci
ón.
1.
In
t
roducción.
2
.
Las obligaciones
a
dqu
i
r
i
das por
l
os
E
st
ados en la
C
a
rta
d
e
la
O
N
U.
3
.
La
distinción
ent
re
l
as categorías de
Der
ec
h
os
H
uma
nos
y
l
as
O
bligac
i
ones
d
e
l
os Estados.
4
.
La
responsab
ili
dad
d
e
lo
s
a
cto
r
e
s
no
esta
tal
es
p
o
r
v
i
o
laci
o
nes a los
De
r
e
chos
Humanos
A
.
L
o
s
elem
e
n
tos
,
ti
po
s
y
causas
d
e la
re
sp
onsabili
dad
i
n
t
ernacion
al por
violación de
D
e
r
ec
ho
s
Hu
m
a
no
s
.
B
.
E
x
t
en
s
ión de
l
a
respo
n
sabilid
a
d
p
o
r
vi
olaci
one
s
d
e
Der
ec
hos
H
umanos
.
C. La
respons
ab
il
i
d
ad
d
e
l
o
s
indi
vi
du
o
s
y
gr
up
os no
es
t
atales.
5
.
Conclusiones
.
Su
m
a
r
i
o
:
D
eca
no
A
c
a
d
é
mi
co
d
e
l
a
Fac
ult
a
d
d
e
C
i
en
c
i
a
s
J
u
d
ic
as
d
e la
P
o
ntific
i
a U
ni
ve
r
s
id
a
d
Jav
e
r
ia
n
a
(Co
l
o
mbi
a)
P
r
ofe
s
o
r de
De
r
ec
ho
Int
e
rn
ac
i
o
n
a
l
Po
nt
ific
i
a
Un
i
v
e
rs
id
ad Ja
v
e
ri
a
n
a
R
.
P.
Lu
i
s
Fernando
Ál
v
arez
Lon
d
o
ñ
osj.
La
responsabilidad
del
Estado
por
las
violaciones
de
Derechos Humanos
en
la
Carta
de
l
as
Naciones
Unidas

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