Síndrome de Burnout en los profesionales médico/as durante la pandemia del SARS-COVID-19 en Maracaibo-Venezuela
| Pages | 179-200 |
| Date | 01 December 2025 |
| Published date | 01 December 2025 |
| Author | Juan Carlos Araujo Cuauro |
| Subject Matter | Derecho Laboral y Seguridad Social |
Revista Gaceta Laboral
Vol. 28, No. 3 (20 22): 179-200
Universidad del Zulia (LUZ) • ISSN1315 -8597
179
Síndrome de Burnout en los profesionales médico/as
durante la pandemia del SARS-COVID-19 en
Maracaibo-Venezuela
Juan Carlos Araujo Cuauro
Médico. Abogado. Especialista en Derecho del Trabajo y Seguridad Social. Doctor en
Ciencias Médicas. Profesor Titular de la Escuela de Derecho de la Facultad de Ciencias
Jurídicas y Políticas de la Universidad del Zulia. Código ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6559-5370.
Correo electrónico: jcaraujoc_65@hotmail.com - j.araujo@sed.luz.edu.ve
Resumen
La enfermedad del SARS-COV ID-19 provocó un clima generalizado de cautela e
incertidumbre, particularm ente entre los profesionales de la salud, debido a di versas
causas como la rápida propagación de la COVID-19, l a gravedad de los síntomas que
provocaba en un segmento de personas infectadas, el desconocimiento de la
enfermedad y las muertes entre los profesionales de la salud. El objetivo del presente
trabajo es describir los factores asociados, influyentes entre el personal médico/a para
determinar los niveles de prevalencia e intensidad del síndrome de burnout durante la
pandemia del nuevo Coronavirus SARS-COVID-19. Se trata de una investigación
aplicada, descriptiva, cuantitativa, no experimental, basada en el método inductivo,
transversal, con una muestra de 200 médico/as profesionales que laboraban en centros
médicos públicos y privados durante el año 2021, a quienes se les aplicó el
inventario Maslach Burnout Inventory para valorar el síndrome de agotamiento frente
al incremento de casos de COVID-19. Se realizó la revisión sistemática en las bases de
datos PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science y se revisaron estudios descriptivos. En cuanto
a los resultados, en la subescala de agotamiento emoc ional, 80% de los médico/as
encuestados presentó el síndrome de burnout considerado severo, el personal médico
es afect ado, tanto a nivel global como en las subescalas de agotamiento emocio nal y
despersonalización. Los hallazgos sugieren que el síndrome de desgaste profesional y el
agotamiento físico se han acentuado aún más, teniendo una alta prevalencia de
síntomas de burnout en los médico/as.
Palabras clave: SARS-CoV-2; pandemia; síndrome de desgaste profesional
burnout; agotamiento emocional; médicos.
Recibido: 11-07-2022 Aceptado: 23-11-2022
Revista Gaceta Laboral
Vol. 28, No. 3 (20 22): 179-200
Universidad del Zulia (LUZ) • ISSN1315 -8597
180
Burnout syndrome in medical professionals during
the SARS-COVID-19 pandemic in Maracaibo,
Venezuela
Abstract
The SARS-COVID-19 disease caused a general climate of caution and uncertainty,
particularly among health professionals, due to various causes such as the rapid spread
of COVID-19, the severity of the symptoms it can cause in a segment of infected people,
lack of knowledge of the disease and deaths among heal th professionals. The objective
of this work is to describe the associated and influential factors among medical
personnel to det ermine the levels of pr evalence and intensity of burnout syndrome
during the pandemic of the new Coronavirus SARS-COVID-19. This is an ap plied,
descriptive, quantitative, non-experimental research, based on the inductive,
transversal method, with a sample of 200 professional doctors who worked in public
and private medical centers during the year 2021, to whom the Maslach Burnout
Inventory to assess burnout syndrome in the face of the increase in COVID-19 cases.
The systematic review was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science
databases and descriptive studies were reviewed. Regarding the results, in the
emotional exhaustion subscale, 80% of the doctors surveyed presented burnout
syndrome considered severe; medical personnel are affected, both globally and in the
emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales. The findings suggest that
burnout syndrome and physical exhaustion have become even more accentuated,
resulting in a high prevalence of burnout symptoms in doctors.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; pandemic; burnout syndrome; emotional exhaustion;
physicians.
Introducción
El Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2,
identificado inicialmente en China en
diciembre de 2019, en la provincia de
Hubei en Wuhan, produce un síndrome
de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda
severa (SARS), que la Organización
Mundial d e la Salud (OMS) denominó
enfermedad COVID-19, la cual fue
declarada por esta misma organización
como pandemia mundial en marzo del
2020 debido a su rápido mecanismo de
transmisión y contagio, a sí como su
dificultoso control epidemiológico (más
de 130.000 casos en 125 naciones), lo
que escenificó una incómoda y
apremiante obligación para los
sistemas médico-sanitarios del mundo
y el sistema venezolano no fue la
excepción (Cheng y S han, 2019;
Singhal, 2020).
El personal médico/a se constituyó
en la primera línea al frente de la batalla
contra la pandemia de SARS-COVID-
19, sin los debidos equipos de
Get this document and AI-powered insights with a free trial of vLex and Vincent AI
Get Started for FreeUnlock full access with a free 7-day trial
Transform your legal research with vLex
-
Complete access to the largest collection of common law case law on one platform
-
Generate AI case summaries that instantly highlight key legal issues
-
Advanced search capabilities with precise filtering and sorting options
-
Comprehensive legal content with documents across 100+ jurisdictions
-
Trusted by 2 million professionals including top global firms
-
Access AI-Powered Research with Vincent AI: Natural language queries with verified citations
Unlock full access with a free 7-day trial
Transform your legal research with vLex
-
Complete access to the largest collection of common law case law on one platform
-
Generate AI case summaries that instantly highlight key legal issues
-
Advanced search capabilities with precise filtering and sorting options
-
Comprehensive legal content with documents across 100+ jurisdictions
-
Trusted by 2 million professionals including top global firms
-
Access AI-Powered Research with Vincent AI: Natural language queries with verified citations
Unlock full access with a free 7-day trial
Transform your legal research with vLex
-
Complete access to the largest collection of common law case law on one platform
-
Generate AI case summaries that instantly highlight key legal issues
-
Advanced search capabilities with precise filtering and sorting options
-
Comprehensive legal content with documents across 100+ jurisdictions
-
Trusted by 2 million professionals including top global firms
-
Access AI-Powered Research with Vincent AI: Natural language queries with verified citations
Unlock full access with a free 7-day trial
Transform your legal research with vLex
-
Complete access to the largest collection of common law case law on one platform
-
Generate AI case summaries that instantly highlight key legal issues
-
Advanced search capabilities with precise filtering and sorting options
-
Comprehensive legal content with documents across 100+ jurisdictions
-
Trusted by 2 million professionals including top global firms
-
Access AI-Powered Research with Vincent AI: Natural language queries with verified citations
Unlock full access with a free 7-day trial
Transform your legal research with vLex
-
Complete access to the largest collection of common law case law on one platform
-
Generate AI case summaries that instantly highlight key legal issues
-
Advanced search capabilities with precise filtering and sorting options
-
Comprehensive legal content with documents across 100+ jurisdictions
-
Trusted by 2 million professionals including top global firms
-
Access AI-Powered Research with Vincent AI: Natural language queries with verified citations