Estado y sociedad: variables que identifican la ciudadanía en Venezuela

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Date	01 July 2017
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Cuestiones PoliticasVol.33.N°59,julio-diciembre2017,85-100

IEPDP - Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas - LUZ

ISSN2542-3185~Depósitolegalppi201502ZU4645

Estado y sociedad: variables que identican la

ciudadanía en Venezuela*

Luis Acosta Fierro**

Resumen

Desde 1999, en la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, se instau-

ra un nuevo orden constitucional donde la participación articula la

construccióndelmodelopolítico.Aunadaalosderechosydeberes,

queintegranlaConstitución,laparticipacióneslacondicióninex-

cusable, para la transformación de los venezolanos de habitantes a

ciudadanos.Noobstante,eltiempotranscurridodesdelasanciónde

la CRBV(18 años), se percibe distorsión, entre lo normativo y la

praxispolítica.Laparticipaciónpolítica,secomprenderestringidaal

ámbito electoral (voto) y atomizada como la actividad que se reali-

za mediante un mecanismo o instancia, sin comprender la integralidad del ejercicio

ciudadano y su autonomía, condición esencial de la ciudadanía activa. Este trabajo

analizalasvariablesqueidenticanalvenezolanocomociudadanoyseimbricaen

el paradigma cualitativo con apoyo del cuantitativo, abordando el problema con el

enfoquedescriptivo,dialéctico,analíticoydecampo;aplicandotécnicascomolaob-

servación participación y la entrevista, que se realizan a los miembros del colectivo

deCoordinaciónComunitariadelConsejoComunalCaciqueMara,EstadoZulia.Se

concluyequeexistegrandebilidadenlaconformacióndeunverdaderociudadano

comprometido,apesardeloscambiosarticuladoseneldiseñoexpresadoenelorde-

namiento jurídico.

Palabras Clave:EstadoySociedad;CiudadaníaenVenezuela;concienciaciudada-

na, constitución de Venezuela.

* Este Artículo forma parte de una investigación en curso desarrollada en el marco del Programa Docto-

ral de Ciencia Política de la Universidad del Zulia.

** Pedagogo Mención Matemática (UPEL). Especialista en Andragogía (URU). Magister Scientiarum en

Andragogía (URU). Abogado (URBE). Magister Scientiarum en Ciencias Políticas y Derecho Público,

Mención Derecho Público (LUZ). Doctorante del Programa en Ciencia Política de la Universidad del

Zulia. Correo electrónico: luisacostaerro@hotmail.com

Recibido: 08-04-2017 ~~~ Aceptado: 15-12-2017

Luis Acosta Fierro

Estado y sociedad: variables que identican la ciudadanía en Venezuela

Stateandsociety:variablesthatidentifycitizenshipinVenezuela

Abstract

Since1999,intheBolivarianRepublicofVenezuela,establishinganewconstitutional

orderwhereparticipationarticulatedconstructionofthemodel.Coupledwithrights

andduties,whichmakeuptheConstitution,participationisessentialcondition,for

thetransformationoftheVenezuelanpeopletocitizens.However,thetimeelapsed

sincetheenactmentoftheConstitution(18years),perceiveddistortion,betweenthe

normative and political practice. Political participation, includes restricted to the elec-

toraleld(vote)andatomizedastheactivitythattakesplacebymeansofamecha-

nismorinstance,withoutunderstandingtheentiretyofthecitizenexerciseandtheir

autonomy,essentialconditionofcitizenshipactive.Thispaperanalyzesthevariables

thatidentifytheVenezuelanascitizen.anduencyisthequalitativeparadigmwith

supportofthequantitative,addressingtheproblemwiththedescriptiveapproach,

dialectic,analyticalandeld;applyingtechniquessuchasparticipationandthein-

terview,whicharemembersofthecollectivecoordinationcommunityoftheCouncil

communalCaciqueMara,ZuliaState.Itisconcludedthatthereisgreatweaknessin

the formation of a real committed citizen, despite changes articulated in the design

expressedintheVenezuelanlegalsystem.

Key words: StateandSociety,CitizenshipinVenezuela,citizenawareness,constitu-

tion of Venezuela.

Introducción

Venezuelatransitadesde1999,poruncambiodesistemapolíticoquesedenomina

apartirde2006,comoSocialismoelSigloXXI,conunanuevaCartaMagnaque

incorporalaguradelDefensordelPueblo,entrecuyasfuncionesdestaca:promover

la educación como proceso creador de la ciudadanía, así como la libertad, la solidari-

dad,lademocracia,laresponsabilidadsocialyeltrabajo.Elénfasisenelciudadano,

ha sido evidente tanto en el discurso escrito como en las manifestaciones públicas

delosgobernantes.AlpueblovandirigidaslasdiferentesMisionesquefuncionan

enáreascomosalud,educación,alimentación(MERCAL,PDVAL,comedorespo-

pulares,ComitéLocaldeAbastecimientoyProducción),enlaproducciónagrícola

(AGROVENEZUELA),laUniversidad(MisiónSucre),energíayviviendaetc.Las

MisionesSocialessonconsideradasporunoscomolosprincipalesbaluartesdeinclu-

sión social por parte del gobierno venezolano para enfrentar la desigualdad social y,

porotros,comounarémoraquedesestimulaneltrabajoproductivoyelestudiocomo

herramienta para la superación económico-social.

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