Trabajo infantil como fenómeno socioeconómico en Ecuador: evolución teórico-jurídica
| Date | 01 May 2024 |
| Author |
TELOS: Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales
ISSN 1317-0570 / ISSN (e) 2343-5763
Vol.
26
(2)
.
Mayo-Agosto
2024
674
Universidad Privada Dr. Rafael Belloso Chacín, Venezuela
ELEMENTS OF EPISTEMOLOGY FOR THE STUDY OF
SOLIDARITY
Emiliana Mangone
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9958-4346
RECIBIDO: 23/01/2024 / ACEPTADO: 05/04/2024 / PUBLICADO: 15/05/2024
ABSTRACT
The article proposes to discuss the theme of solidarity by relating it to changes in society,
therefore, an overview will be offered of the dynamics and challenges - in relation to solidarity -
that evolve due to the continuous changes in society, in a repeating circle. The idea is, therefore,
to constitute a reflection on solidarity, using a metathe oretical approach suitable for so-called
second-order studies su ch as the one presented here. Th e article develops from the
problematisation of the definition of this concept, from a brief history of the idea of solidarity to
arrive at epistemological aspects for the study of solidarity, which, beyond the individual
declinations of it, allows us to explore the processes that take place on different levels (individual,
social and cultural) for individuals whenever they interact with other individuals or with structures
of society. The results arrived at by this theoretical study highlight the need to take into account
the following changes occur ring in society (a) the modification of risk maps that leads to the
demand for new interventions to meet the renewed system of needs; (b) the emergence of the
relationality dimension as an area of social distress; (c) the relativisation of knowledge that is
often challenged by the information provided by the mass media; and, finally, (d) the non-linear
development of social dynamics and technological transformations, which make it mandatory to
update, innovate and modify knowledge to face the continuous challenges of society.
Keywords: Solidarity, Epistemology, Social sciences, Metatheoretical approach, Social change.
Elementos de epistemología para el estudio de la solidaridad
RESUMEN
El objetivo de este artículo es discutir el tema de la solidaridad en relación a los cambios en la
sociedad. En este sentido, por lo tanto, se ofrecerá un panorama de las dinám icas y desafíos
que evolucionan debido a los continuos cambios en la sociedad, en un círculo que se repite. Se
Corresponding author. Full Professor in Sociology of Culture and Communication. University of Salerno, I taly. emangone@unisa.it
Cómo citar: Mangone, E. (2024). Elements of epistemology for the study of solidarity . Telos: Revista
de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales , 26(2), 674-690.
www.doi.org/10.36390/telos262.06
Mangone
Vol.
26
(2)
. Mayo-Agosto
2024
675
trata entonces de constituir una reflexión sobre la solidaridad, utilizando un enfoque meta teórico
adecuado a los llamados estudios de segundo orden como el que se presenta. El artículo se
desarrolla a partir de la problematización de la definición de este concepto, a través de una breve
historia de la idea de solidaridad para llegar a los aspectos epistemológicos para el estudio de
la solidaridad, que más allá de sus declinaciones individuales, nos permite explorar los procesos
que las llevan a cabo y que para los individuos tienen lugar en diferentes niveles (individual,
social y cultural) en el momento en que interactúan con otros individuos o con estructuras de la
sociedad. Los resultados alcanz ados por este estudio teó rico resaltan cómo para analizar la
solidaridad es necesario tener en cuenta los siguientes cambios que se están produciendo en la
sociedad: a) la modificación de los m apas de riesgo que lleva a la solicitud de nuevas
intervenciones para satisfacer el renovado sistema de necesidades; b) el surgimiento de la
dimensión de la relacionalidad como ámbito de penuria social; c) la relativización del
conocimiento, muchas veces cuestionada por la información proporcionada por los medios de
comunicación; y, finalmente, d) el desarrollo no lineal de l as dinámicas sociales y las
transformaciones tecnológicas, que obligan a actualizar, inno var y modificar el conocimiento
para enfrentar los continuos desafíos de la sociedad.
Palabras clave: Sol idaridad, Epistemología, Ciencias sociales, Enfoque meta teórico, Cambio
social.
Introduction
Some open questions date back to the birth of sociology, one of which is certainly the
debate on solidaristic morality or social solidarity. The opening of this debate is not due to the
social sciences. In fact, since antiquity, social scientists (philosophers first) have tried to
understand and explain the grounds for which, in certain situations, some individuals enact
positive relationships and actions in favour of the social (heterodirected) and the reasons why, in
similar situations, the same men do not behave in the same way. This attention is due to the fact
that, as the social sciences, and primarily sociology, were developing and constituting themselves
as an autonomous b ody of knowledge, increasingly broader categories of social phenomena
were “subtracted” fr om the speculations of philosophers and from “moral or political discourse”
to constitute new objects of stud y for the nascent disciplines. From the 18th century onwards,
moral statistics, demography and sociology expressed a specific way of observing and collecting
data on the emerging reality (the nascent society) that had given rise to society with great
transformations. The analysis of phenom ena is brought back to experience and breaks with
tradition: homo sociologicus becomes the object of study.
And today, more than yesterday, it is necessary to reinforce and revitalise these
studies, starting from the changes and innovations that have characterized the last decades, and
that continue to take place thanks to globalisation processes, have not reduced aspects of
inequality between territories and populations, and between parts of populations within the same
territory. The spread of the SARS- CoV-2 virus that produced a pandemic state was still another
demonstration of this condition, accentuated also by the inadequacy of some governments’
interventions. The social policy systems already in crisis (traceable to the various welfare state
models), have completely collapsed and in many cases only replaced by individual or collective
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