Transexclusión política y transodio en redes sociales
| Date | 01 May 2024 |
| Author |
TELOS: Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales
ISSN 1317-0570 / ISSN (e) 2343-5763
Vol.
26
(2)
.
Mayo-Agosto
2024
481
Universidad Privada Dr. Rafael Belloso Chacín, Venezuela
POLITICAL TRANSEXCLUSION AND TRANSHATE IN SOCIAL
NETWORKS
1
Carlos Patricio Carpio-Mosquera
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6335-1922
Marco Adrián Criollo-Armijos
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9200-2203
Gerardo Xavier Peña-Loaiza
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2150-2988
Yadira Liliana Sánchez-Padilla
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8380-6434
RECIBIDO: 15/02/2024 / ACEPTADO: 21/04/2024 / PUBLICADO: 15/05/2024
ABSTRACT
Studies on social exclusion towards transgender individuals have used the term transphobia to
refer to violent behaviors against trans people. The objective of this qualitative study is to critically
analyze the use of the term tr ansphobia, its suitability, and the possibility of replacing it with the
term transhate, given its functionality in accurately identifying hate crimes and o ther practices of
social exclusion towards trans individu als. From a methodological standpoint, the research was
based on the grounded theory approach, considering its relevance in generating theories from
the data obtained from social networks in the analyzed context. Among the most noteworthy
results of the study, using this methodology, is the identification of codes related to political trans-
exclusion and trans-hate, a situation that ultimately contributes to the preservation of a social
system of trans vulnerabilization. It is thus established that trans-hate is a cause of political trans-
1
This study, which utilized data from public social networks, protected the privacy of users by omitting personal identifiers and conducting
the analysis under stri ct ethical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, and the social value of research (Orduña-Malea, 2020). As
the study used publicly accessible information, informed consent and approval from an Ethics Committee were not required, adh ering to
the ethical standards for studies that employ publicly available data or information from digital media such as social networks.
Autor de Correspondencia. Clinical Psyc hologist and Master in Psychoanalysis with a Mention in Education. Doctoral candidate at the
University of Buenos Aires. Professor at the Faculty o f Chemical and Health Sciences of the Technical University of Machala, Ecuador.
ccarpio@utmachala.edu.ec
Master's degree. Professor in the clinical psychology program at the Technical University of Machala-Ecuador. Professor at the Faculty
of Chemical and Health Sciences of the Technical University of Machala, Ecuador. macriollo@utmachala.edu.ec.
Clinical Psychologist. Master's degree in Family Therapy with a mention in Systemic Psychotherapy. Professor at the Faculty of
Chemical and Health Sciences of the Technical University of Machala, Ecuador. g pena@utmachala.edu.ec
Clinical Psychologist. Master's degree in Integrative Psychotherapy. Master’s degree in psychology research. Professor at the
Faculty of Chemical and Health Sciences of the Technical University of Machala, Ecuador. ysanchez@utmachala.edu.ec
Cómo citar: Carpio-Mosquera, C., Criollo-Armijos, M., Peña-Loaiza, G., Sánchez-Padilla, Y. (2024).
Political transexclusion and trans hate in social networks. Telos: Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios
en Ciencias Sociales, 26(2), 481-501. www.doi.org/10.36390/telos262.16
Political transexclusion and transhate in social networks
482
exclusions an d other vulnerabilizations towards trans identities in all social spheres, namely:
family, education, and he alth, among others. In summary, this study highlights the urgent need
to address transhate and political transexclusion as systemic forms of vulnerabilization against
transgender individuals. In fact, the adoption of the term "transhate" in the legal and academic
fields could mark a turning point in the fight against hate crimes and discrimination.
Keywords: transinclusion, transexclusion, transhate, transphobia, hate crimes, grounded theory.
Transexclusión política y transodio en redes sociales
RESUMEN
Los estu dios sobre exclusión social hacia las personas transgénero han utilizado el término
transfobia para referirse a los comportamientos violentos contra las personas trans. El objetivo
de este estudio cualitativo es analizar críticamente el uso del término transfobia, su idoneidad y
la posibilidad de reemplazarlo por el término transodio dada su funcionalidad para identificar con
precisión los crímenes de odio y otras prácticas de exclusión social hacia las personas trans.
Desde un punto de vista metodológico, la investigación se basó en el enfoque de la teoría
fundamentada, considerando su relevancia para generar teorías a partir de los datos obtenidos
de las redes sociales en el contexto analizado. Entre los resultados más destacados del estudio,
utilizando esta metodología, se encuentra la iden tificación de códigos relacionados con la
transexclusión política y el odio hacia las personas trans, situación que en última instancia
contribuye a la preservación de un sistema social de vulnerabilización trans . Así, se establece
que el transodio es una causa de las transexclusiones políticas y otras vulnerabilizaciones hacia
las identidades trans en todos los ámbitos sociales, a saber: familia, educación y salud, entre
otros. En resumen, este estudio destaca la urgente necesidad de abordar el transodio y la
transexclusión política como formas sistémicas de vulnerabilización contra las personas
transgénero. De hecho, la adopción del término "transodio" en los campos legal y académico
podría marcar un punto de inflexión en la lucha contra los crímenes de odio y la discriminación.
Palabras clave: transinclusión, transexclusión, transod io, transfobia, crímenes de odio, teoría
fundamentada.
Introduction
Political trans-exclusion and trans-hate in social networks
Transgender individuals face significant challenges and discrimination in various
aspects of their lives, including access to healthcare, education, employment, and social support
(Rood et al., 2016; Sherman et al., 2024). The mar ginalization and stigmatization experienced
by the transgender community are often rooted in societal norms, cultural beliefs, and institutional
policies that perpetuate gender binarism and cisnormativity (Kcomt, 2019; Arguello, 2020). These
systemic ba rriers contribute to the vulnerabilization of transgender people, exposing them t o
higher risks of violence, poverty, and mental health issues (Yasami et al., 2023; Schulman &
Erickson-Schroth, 2017). In recent years, social media platforms have emerged as critical spaces
for transgender individuals to connect, share experiences and advocate for their rights (Buss et
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