Transformación digital en PYMEs: revisión sistemática de factores, barreras y resultados
| Pages | 1-9 |
| Date | 05 July 2026 |
| Published date | 05 July 2026 |
| Author | Marco Guillermo Mayor Ravines,Juan Guillermo Mayor Gamero,Juan Alfredo Velásquez Vásquez,Jorge Vicente Mayuri Barrón |
| Subject Matter | Social Sciences |
Transformación digital en PYMEs: revisión sistemática
de factores, barreras y resultados
Digital transformation in SMEs: systematic review of factors, barriers and results
Recibido: 17/06/2025 - Aceptado: 15/11/2025
Marco Guillermo Mayor Ravines
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8106-1862
mmayorr@unmsm.edu.pe
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Perú
Juan Guillermo Mayor Gamero
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0030-2054
juan.mayor@unmsm.edu.pe
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Perú
Juan Alfredo Velásquez Vásquez
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9003-8699
jvelasquezv@unmsm.edu.pe
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Perú
Jorge Vicente Mayuri Barrón
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9132-3969
jmayurib@unmsm.edu.pe
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Perú
Resumen
Esta re visión s istemática sintetiza la evidencia reciente sobre los factores que facilitan o dificultan la
transformación digital en las PYMEs, así como sus impactos organizacionales. Siguiendo las directrices del
protocolo PRISMA 2020, se realizó una búsqueda en las bases Scopus y Web of Science, obteniendo 200
registros, de los cuales se selecc ionaron 30 estudios para un a nálisis cualitativo, aplicando criterios de inclusión
y la herramienta MMAT para evaluar la calidad metodológica. Los hallazgos, organizados a partir de los marc os
teóricos TOE y de capacidades dinámicas , identifican como facilitadores clave la infraestructura tecnológica,
soluciones de TI adecuadas, liderazgo con visión digital, competencias del per sonal, asignación eficiente de
recursos y una cultura organizacional receptiva al cambio. Además, influyen factores externos como presiones
competitivas, regulaciones, demandas de clientes y la disponibilidad de financiamiento. Entre las principales
barreras destacan los costos elevados de implementación, la carencia de habilidades digitales, la existencia de
sistemas heredados, riesgos relacionados con la ciberseguridad y la complejidad normativa vigente. En conjunto,
la transformación digital se vincula con mejoras significativas en eficiencia operativa, innovación y d esempeño
tanto en el mercado como en indicadores financieros. Sin embargo, la diversidad en diseños metodológicos y
métricas utilizadas refleja la necesidad de realizar más estudios longitudinales y comparativos que profundicen
en estos efectos.
Palabras clave: digitalización, pequeñas y medianas empresas , tecnologías de la información.
Abstract
This systematic review synthesizes recent evidence on the factors that facilitate or hinder digital transformation in
SMEs, as well as its organizational impacts. Following the PRISMA 2020 protocol guidelines, a search was
conducted in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, yielding 200 records. From these, 30 studies were
selected for qualitative analysis, a pplying inclusion criteria and the MMAT tool to assess methodological quality.
The findings, organized according to the TOE and dynamic capabilities theoretical frameworks, identify key
enablers as technological infrastructure, appropriate IT solutions, digitally-m inded leadership, staff skills, efficient
resource allocation, a nd an organ izational culture receptive to change. External factors such as competitive
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