Preguntas y respuestas sobre una demanda de interés nacional
Mañana se cumplen 112 años del Laudo Arbitral de París, favorable a Gran Bretaña en el contencioso fronterizo por el Esequibo con Venezuela, que nunca lo reconoció. La disputa sigue viva, hoy más que nunca, después de que a comienzos de septiembre Guyana anunció su decisión de solicitar a la ONU extender su plataforma continental, lo que podría lesionar los intereses venezolanos en la zona. El tema, muy técnico y espe cializado para muchos, es vital para la definición futura de la soberanía territorial y marítima de la nación y el aprovechamiento de los recursos que allí existen. Aquí se ofrece un resumen de los aspectos más importantes del contencioso, elaborado con la colaboración de expertos en la materia. 1¿Qué es la reclamación venezolana del territorio Esequibo? Venezuela y Guyana man tienen desde hace más de 100 años una disputa por la soberanía sobre los 159.500 kilómetros cuadrados de un territorio que colinda con los estados Bolívar y Delta Amacuro y por los derechos sobre el mar territorial, la plataforma continental y la zona exclusiva económica que generan sus costas. Georgetown insiste en que posee derechos sobre la zona. Caracas exige que se reconozca su soberanía. La disputa se origina por la pretensión de Gran Bretaña de apoderarse de la región, aunque ella era parte del país desde la creación de la Capitanía General de Venezuela en 1777. En 1839, el naturalista prusiano Robert Schomburgk, desconociendo el límite marcado por el río Esequibo, presentó su línea de frontera que abarcó 142.000 kilómetros cuadrados al occidente de esta arteria fluvial, en la provincia de Guayana. Guyana ejerce hoy la jurisdicción sobre la zona. 2¿Qué recursos hay en el Esequibo? Hay muchas riquezas natu rales. Textos académicos dan cuenta de que tiene un potencial minero grande. Hay bauxita, manganeso, oro, diamantes, caolín, arenas, arcillas, sílice, mica, cobre, uranio, hierro, hematina. También hay riquezas forestales, hidráulicas y zonas naturales prístinas. En sus costas hay un potencial pesquero de valía. Y como si fuera poco, hay petróleo y gas. La agencia de noticias de Guyana GINA informó que la costa afuera del país se considera como la segunda cuenca de crudo no explotada más atractiva del mundo, con un potencial de 15,2 millones de barriles. 3 ¿Qué es el Laudo Arbitral de París de 1899? Es la decisión tomada el 3 de octubre de 1899 por el tribunal arbitral compuesto por dos jueces estadounidenses, dos británicos y uno ruso, que lo...
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